一次降水性层积云系的微物理特征分析

党娟; 刘卫国; 陶玥

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00104

高原气象 >

2016 , Vol. 35 >Issue 6: 1639 - 1649

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00104

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一次降水性层积云系的微物理特征分析

党娟 ,
刘卫国 ,
陶玥

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中国气象科学研究院中国气象局人工影响天气中心, 北京 100081

收稿日期: 2015-03-20

网络出版日期: 2016-12-28

基金资助

公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201106031，GYHY201306041）；国家自然科学基金项目（41075099，41275149）

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Analysis of Cloud Microphysical Characteristics on a Precipitation Stratocumulus

DANG Juan ,
LIU Weiguo ,
TAO Yue

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Weather Modification Center of China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2015-03-20

Online published: 2016-12-28

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摘要

利用飞机云微物理探测资料，对2004年6月29日甘肃省东南部地区一次层积云（Sc）降水云系的微物理结构特征进行了详细的分析。飞机探测表明，此次云系主要分为两层，上层是纯冷性高积云（Ac），下层是层积云，观测分析主要针对Sc云。对不同高度层及Sc云顶附近的云粒子探测数据的分析结果表明，Sc云中云粒子的垂直及水平特征具有明显的不均匀性；Sc云区下层粒子特征参量起伏变化大，上层起伏变化小；云中含水量和大粒子浓度随高度升高有递增趋势。同一高度云区的粒子特征参量存在差别，表明即使在云区同一高度，不同水平区域的粒子形成和增长条件也有差异。Sc云中含水量较大，暖区最大液水含量达0.34 g·m^-3。Sc云底有较强的逆温层存在，对云底附近的微物理结构特征造成一定影响，使得较小的云滴在逆温层顶附近和逆温层下部累积，含水量增大，但对较大尺度的液滴影响不明显。Sc云中不同高度处普遍存在暖雨过程，以Sc中部最为活跃；云顶附近冰相粒子的存在对云中暖云过程具有增强作用，对降水有利。

关键词： 云微物理; 飞机探测; 云粒子图像; 谱分布

本文引用格式

党娟 , 刘卫国 , 陶玥 . 一次降水性层积云系的微物理特征分析[J]. 高原气象, 2016 , 35(6) : 1639 -1649 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00104

Abstract

The precipitation process is closely related to cloud microphysical characteristics in addition to cloud macroscopically dynamic and thermodynamic conditions. The mixed phase stratiform cloud system is main target of rainfall enhancement over Northwest of China. To understand the precipitation mechanism and develop scientifically operation of precipitation enhancement, it is necessary to study microphysical structure characteristics of the kind of cloud system in depth. Using the cloud physical data measured by airplane in a stratocumulus precipitation process in southeast of Gansu province on 29 June 2004, the microphysical structural characteristics of stratocumulus cloud system were researched. The synoptic background, precipitation and cloud system evolution during flight measurement were presented, and the cloud microphysical characteristics including number concentration, scale size, 2D image and size distribution of cloud particles at different height levels and horizontal level near stratocumulus top were analyzed. The observation indicates the cloud system is consisted of upper pure cold altocumulus and lower stratocumulus. The study shows that vertical and horizontal distribution characteristics of microphysical structure of the stratocumulus are very uneven. The variation of cloud particles characteristic parameter in lower layer of stratocumulus is larger than of stratocumulus upper layer. The water content and big cloud particle concentration increase with altitude. The difference of particle characteristics in similar altitude suggests that the situation of both formation and growth is variant in different horizontal cloud area at same altitude. The liquid water content is high in stratocumulus, and the maximum is 0.34 g·cm^-3 in warm cloud region. There are thermal inversion layers near cloud bottom. The inversion layer near cloud bottom has strong intensity and impact on cloud microphysical structure, including more cloud drop and higher liquid water content near both top and bottom of inversion layer, but it has less obvious influence on larger water drop. The warm rain process is general in stratocumulus, and it is most active in the middle of stratocumulus. The ice phase particles near stratocumulus top enhanced the warm rain process and contribute to rainfall.

Key words： Cloud microphysics; Airplane sounding; Spectral distributio; Cloud particle image

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