The Formation of an Unusual Two-belt Heavy Rainfall around Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area

WANG Hua;LI Hongyu;ZHONG Jiqin;WU Jin;LI Ziming;WU Jiankun

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Plateau Meteorology
Plateau Meteorology ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4) : 856-871. DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00102

The Formation of an Unusual Two-belt Heavy Rainfall around Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area

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Abstract

Heavy rainfall is one kind of extreme weather which is harmful to human beings. Since the formation mechanism of heavy rainfall is very complicated, it brings great challenge to weather forecasting and warning. An unusual double-belt heavy rainfall with high precipitation intensity and long-duration precipitation happened on July 1st 2013 around Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, under the synoptic background of northwards stretching subtropical high, southwards strengthening low-level jets, and eastwards moving upper trough. The formation mechanism and mesoscale characteristics of this case is analyzedbased on conventional observation, NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis data, multi-type of intensive observation, and the variational radar data assimilation. The result shows that thosetworainfall belt promote mutually, although their formation mechanism and mesoscale evolution differ obviously. The south branch heavy rainfall belt occurred under the strengthened southwest warm and moist environment, with high convective instability and deep moist layers. The heavy rainfall is triggered, organized by the warm mesoscale convergence line and developed by MCC(Mesoscale Convective Complex). The radar echoes of the rainfall is characteristic of "train-effect" and backpropagation. It is a deeper warm-zone wet convection rainstorm with extremely high rainfall intensity, large amount of accumulated rainfall, and obvious mesoscale features. The location of rainfall belt and the extremely intensive precipitation core is dominated by the position of the surface convergence line and the mesoscale eddies. Propagating direction of the intense radar reflectivity is indicated by the cold pool outflow generated by heavy rainfall together with the maximum temperature gradient formed by the southerly warm and wet airflow. The north branch heavy rainfall belt is brought about by multi-cell echoes belt formed by shearline cloud system, under the influence of cold shear line and low-level low vortex. It sinstability energy is lower than that in the south branch heavy rainfall belt, but the upward motion is stronger thanks to the coupling action of the upper and lower synoptic systems. Intrusion of dry and cold air in middle layer forms an obvious θse frontal zone. It is a frontal convective system. Meanwhile, the terrain helps to enhance precipitation markedly. Various factors jointly make the case be characteristic of relative weak rainfall intensity, long-lasting precipitation and large area with heavy rain. The moving path of the low-level low vortex is well consistent with the location of the rainfall belt and heavy rainfall region. The easterly wind induced by warm-zone precipitation within the south branch heavy rainfall belt not only brings water vapor to the north branch rainfall belt but also the orographic lifting made by the Taihang mountain benefits the occurrence and development of those severe convection cells, which furtherly enhance the rainfall intensity of the north branch rainfall belt. On the other hand, the cold pool formed by severe convective rainfall accelerates the formation of surface mesoscale eddies, which cause intense convective radar echoesmergence and strengthen the rainfall again at the later stage of the south branch rainfall belt.

Key words

Two-belt heavy rainf / convergence line / train-effect / cold pool / convection

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WANG Hua , LI Hongyu , ZHONG Jiqin , WU Jin , LI Ziming , WU Jiankun. The Formation of an Unusual Two-belt Heavy Rainfall around Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area. Plateau Meteorology. 2019, 38(4): 856-871 https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00102

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