Editorial Policy

1. Peer Review Policy
This journal employs a double-blind peer-review system, with an approximate acceptance rate of 40%. The manuscript handling process is outlined as follows: 

(1) Initial Review: The editorial department conducts an initial review, rejecting manuscripts lacking originality, suspected of academic misconduct, with severe scientific deficiencies, lack of valuable information, or those not aligning with the journal's scope. Accepted manuscripts would be sent to external review. 

(2) External Review: At least 2 external experts conduct peer reviews.
(3) Final Review: The Editor-in-Chief, considering external review feedback, decides on acceptance, revision, or rejection.
(4) Editorial Processing: Accepted manuscripts undergo editing, processing, and publication.

2. Submission by Editors/Editorial Board Members/Guest Editors
Submissions by journal editors, Editorial Board Members, and Guest Editors must follow the same review and editorial procedures. Peer reviews must be independent of related editors/Editorial Board Members/Guest Editors and their research groups. They are prohibited from reviewing manuscripts authored by themselves, family members, colleagues, or authors with conflicts of interest.

3. Special Issue Policy
The manuscript review process for special issues is the same as regular submissions. Special issue manuscripts undergo identical review and editing processes, with the final decision resting with the Editor-in-Chief who is responsible for the entire journal content, including special issues. When organizing a special issue, the editorial department invites authoritative experts as Guest Editors. Their responsibilities include proposing themes, soliciting manuscripts, organizing peer reviews, and addressing publication issues. Guest Editors' work is supervised by the Editor-in-Chief to ensure fairness in manuscript reviews.

4. Appeals and Feedback
Authors can submit written appeals to the editorial department via the journal's email if they disagree with review comments or results. Detailed explanations for each review comment are required. The editorial department promptly reviews appeal and provides feedback. Readers or authors with feedback on journal articles can send comments to the journal's email, with the editorial department processing and providing feedback as appropriate. The journal encourages active supervision and mutual feedback to foster a positive academic atmosphere.

5. Academic Misconduct Detection and Handling
To minimize academic misconduct, the editorial department employs the CNKI Academic Misconduct Literature Detection System or Wanfang Similarity Detection System for plagiarism detection of all manuscripts. The similarity rate should be below 10%. If any academic misconduct is identified, the manuscript will be rejected.

6. Correction and Retraction
(1) Retraction: The editorial department should consider retracting a manuscript under specific circumstances:
Clear evidence of unreliable research results due to improper conduct (e.g., data fabrication) or honest errors (e.g., misjudgment or experimental error).
Prior publication of research results elsewhere without appropriate cross-referencing, permission, or justification (i.e., duplicate publication); behavior constitutes plagiarism.
Reports unethical research.
(2) Retraction notices should preferably be linked to the retracted article (i.e., all electronic versions), clearly identifying the retracted work (e.g., including the title and authors in the retraction notice). Retraction notices should be promptly published to minimize the potentially misleading impact of the retracted publication. 

(3) Correction: Corrections should be considered when:
A small portion of a reliable publication is proven to be misleading (especially due to honest errors).
The author/contributor list is incorrect (e.g., qualified authors omitted or unqualified contributors included).

7. Advertising Statement
The journal does not publish any commercial advertisements. All articles, the official website, and other platforms are free of advertising content. Editorial decisions on manuscript review or acceptance are not influenced by any commercial factors.