Based on the monthly precipitation and temperature data at 18 stations in Southwest China from January 1951 to December 2011, the applicability of the Relative Moisture Index, SPI and SPEI were studied. The monthly Relative Moisture Index, SPI and SPEI at time scales of 3, 6 and 12 months for the 18 stations in Southwest China in the past 61 years were calculated. Referencing to historical data of past drought disasters in Southwest China, the comparative study of characterizing drought events at different time scales was done using Mann-Kendall and correlation analysis methods. The results show that: (1) The SPEI not only can grasp precipitation and evapotranspiration which are two important determinant effects of drought, but also is well applicable to characterizing drought events at time scales of 3, 6 and 12 months in Southwest China in the past 61 years. (2) The SPI is applicable to characterizing drought events at time scales of 6 and 12 months, but it is inferior in description to the SPEI at time scales of 6 months. And it is applicable to characterizing drought events at time scales of 3 months both in spring and autumn. (3) The Relative Moisture Index is applicable to characterizing drought events at time scales of 12 months in some meteorological stations. It is applicable in the summer half year to characterizing drought events at time scales of 6 months. It is applicable to characterize drought events at time scales of 3 months in both spring and summer.
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