Soil moisture is one of the most key variables in land surface process. Microwave remote sensing is the main method to retrieve soil moisture， microwave radiation has large sensing depth， high temporal resolution and wide spatial coverage. The soil moisture retrieval algorithm based on microwave remote sensing has a complete physical basis， but less accurate in retrieving soil ice content and soil water content in the process of soil freezing and thawing. It is of great scientific significance and application value to carry out the experimental research of soil moisture observation by the ground-based microwave remote sensing. Based on the Maqu observation site of the Zoige Plateau Wetland Ecosystem Research Station， Chinese Academy of Sciences， this paper introduces the ground-based microwave remote sensing soil moisture observation experiment and the establishment of the ground-based microwave radiometer （ELBARA-Ⅲ， L-band） surface brightness temperature observation data sets （2016 -2019） at the source of the Yellow River. The parameters and configuration of ground-based microwave radiometer and eddy covariance flux observation system are introduced in detail， and reviews the brightness temperature simulation and soil moisture retrieval using this observation data sets， and the related research and achievements. The existing problems and application prospects of soil moisture retrieval and land surface processes based on applications of this ground-based microwave radiometer data are also discussed.