By used the conventional meteorological data,FY-2C satellite data,ECMWF data and reanalysis data of T639(1°×1°),the meso-scale environmental characteristics and snowfall area were analyzed of 26 warm-zone 12 hours of heavy snowfall weather processes from 2003 to 2013(November to next March) in northern Xinjiang.The results showed that heavy snowfall produce in two kinds of atmospheric circulation,polar vortex type and short wave trough type,heavy snowfall area were located the front of the low trough,the front of exit area of low level jet;convergence zone and entrance area of high altitude jet,divergence area on it right;the northeast of convergence line of 700 hPa and 850 hPa warm shear line,the southeast of dry line;overlap area of the relief and heating-up near the ground convergence line.Over the heavy snowfall area,the whole troposphere be > 80% humidity;Below 500 hPa with unstable stratification,strong vertical wind shear,strong baroclinicity;700 hPa convergence line and 850 hPa warm shear line and dry line,ground dry line and convergence line are easy to make the unstable energy release,thus providing conditions of water vapor,thermodynamic and dynamic for the production of Heavy Snow.Warm-zone snowfall mainly occurs when it began to moving eastward the front of meso-scale cold cloud cluster and the front of the biggest area of TBB genting bright temperature gradient.Finally,the three-dimensional space model is summarized for warm-zone heavy snowfall.
[1]Marwitz J D,Toth J.1993.A case study of heavy snowfall in Okla-homa[J].Mon Wea Rev,121(3):648-661.
[2]陈雪珍,慕建利,赵桂香,等.2014.华北暴雪过程中的急流特征分析[J].高原气象,33(4):1069-1075.Chen Xuezhen,Mu Jianli,Zhao Guixiang,et al.2014.Analysis of jet stream characteristic during the snowstorm process in North China[J].Plateau Meteor,33(4):1069-1075.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00205.
[3]黄海波,徐海荣.2007.新疆一次秋季暴雪天气的诊断分析[J].高原气象,26(3):624-629.Huang Haibo,Xu Hairong.2007.Diagnostic analysis on a snowstorm event occurred of Xinjiang in fall[J].Plateau Meteor,26(3):624-629.
[4]李培基.1998.青藏高原雪灾时空分布特征[M]//牧区雪灾的分析研究.北京:气象出版社,15-18.Li Peiji.1998.The temporal and spatial distribution of snow disaster over the Tibetan Plateau[M]//Analysis of the snow disaster in Pastoral area.Beijing:China Meteorological Press,15-18.
[5]李如琦,唐冶,肉孜·阿基.2015.2010年新疆北部暴雪异常的环流和水汽特征分析[J].高原气象,34(1):155-162.Li Ruqi,Tang Ye,Rouzi Aji.2015.Atmospheric circulation and water vapor characteristics of snowstorm anomalies in northern Xinjiang in 2010[J].Plateau Meteor,34(1):155-162.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00163.
[6]刘宁微,齐琳琳,韩江文.2009.北上低涡引发辽宁历史罕见暴雪天气过程的分析[J].大气科学,22(2):275-284.Liu Ningwei,QI Linlin,Han Jiangwen.2009.The analyses of an unusual snowstorm caused by the northbound vortex over Liaoning Province in China[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,22(2):275-284.
[7]苗爱梅,贾利冬,李智才,等.2011."091111"山西特大暴雪过程的流型配置及物理量诊断分析[J].高原气象,30(4):969-981.Miao Aimei,Jia Lidong,Li Zhicao,et al.2011.Flow pattern configuration and physical quantity diagnostic analysis of heavy snowtorm process in Shanxi on 11 Novemmber 2009[J].Plateau Meteor,30(4):969-981.
[8]王正旺,苗爱梅,庞转棠,等.2010.山西中南部区域性暴雪天气诊断分析[J].高原气象,29(2):531-538.Wang Zhengwang,Miao Aimei,Pang Zhuantang,et al.2010.Diagnostic analysis of regional snow storm process in middle and south Shanxi Province[J].Plateau Meteor,29(2):531-538.
[9]王正旺,姚彩霞,刘小卫,等.2012."2009.11"山西大暴雪天气过程诊断分析[J].高原气象,31(2):477-486.Wang Zhengwang,Yao Caixia,Liu Xiaowei,et al.2012.Diagnostic analysis of snowtorm in Shanxi Province in November 2009[J].Plateau Meteor,31(2):477-486.
[10]吴庆梅,杨波,王国荣.2014.北京地区一次回流暴雪过程的锋区特征分析[J].高原气象,33(2):539-547.Wu Qingmei,Yang Bo,Wang Guorong.2014.Analysis of the frontal characteristics of the backflow snowtorm process in Beijing area[J].Plateau Meteor,33(2):539-547.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00194.
[11]杨成芳,高留喜,王方.2011.一次异常强渤海海效应暴雪的三维运动研究[J].高原气象,30(5):1213-1223.Yang Chengfang,Gao Liuxi,Wang Fang.2011.Analysis on three-dimensional motion of an ingense anomaly ocean-effect snowstorm in Bohai[J].Plateau Meteor,30(5):1213-1223.
[12]杨莲梅,杨涛,贾丽红,等.2005.新疆大-暴雪气候特征及其水汽分析[J].冰川冻土,27(3):389-396.Yang Lianmei,Yang Tao,Jia Lihong,et al.2005.Analyses of the climate characteristics and water vapor of heavy snow in Xinjiang Region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,27(3):389-395.
[13]易笑园,李泽椿,朱磊磊,等.2010.一次 β 中尺度暴风雪的成因及动力热力结构[J].高原气象,29(1):175-186.Yi Xiaoyuan,Li Zechun,Zhu Leilei,et al.A case study on dynamic and thermal structures and mechanism of β-mesoscale snowtorm[J].Plateau Meteor,29(1):175-186.
[14]张备,尹东屏,孙燕,等.2014.一次寒潮过程的多种相态降水机理分析[J].高原气象,33(1):190-198.Zhang Bei,Yin Dongping,Sun Yun,et al.Mechanism analysis of multiphase precipitation during a cold wave process[J].Plateau Meteor,33(1):190-198.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00171.
[15]张家宝,邓子风.1987.新疆降水概论[M].北京:气象出版社,205-243.Zhang Jiabao,Deng Zifeng.1987.Conspectus of Xinjiang precipitation[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,205-243.
[16]张俊兰,崔彩霞,陈春艳.2013.北疆典型暴雪天气的水汽特征研究[J].高原气象,32(4):1115-1125.Zhang Junlan,Cui Caixia,Chen Chunyan.2013.Study on water vapor characteristic of typical heavy snowstorm case in northern Xinjiang[J].Plateau Meteor,32(4):1115-1125.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00105.
[17]张书萍,祝从文.2011.2009年冬季新疆北部持续性暴雪的环流特征及其成因分析[J].大气科学,35(5):833-846.Zhang Shuping,Zhu Congwen.2011.Possible causes of circulation anomalies associated with subsequent snowstorms over the north of Xinjiang during winter 2009[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,35(5):833-846.
[18]张迎新,张守保,裴玉杰,等.2011.2009年11月华北暴雪过程的诊断分析[J].高原气象,30(5):1204-1212.Zhang Yingxin,Zhang Shoubao,Pei Yujie,et al.2011.Diagnostic analysis on snowstorm process in North China in November 2009[J].Plateau Meteor,30(5):1204-1212.
[19]张元春,孙建华,傅慎明.2012.冬季一次引发华北暴雪的低涡涡度分析[J].高原气象,31(2):387-399.Zhang Yuanchun,Sun Jianhua,Fu Shenming.2012.Analysis of vorticity during vortex producing snowstorm in north China in winter[J].Plateau Meteor,31(2):387-399.
[20]赵桂香.2014.诊断分析技术在山西强降雪预报中的应用[J].高原气象,33(3):838-847.Zhao Guixiang.2014.Appliction of diagnostic analysis on forecast of the heavy snow in Shanxi province[J].Plateau Meteor,33(3):838-847.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00199.
[21]赵俊荣,杨雪,蔺喜禄,等.2013.一次致灾暴雪的多尺度系统配置及落区分析[J].高原气象,32(1):201-210.Zhao Junrong,Yang Xue,Lin Xilu,et al.2013.Analyses on Multi-Scale system configuration and district of a disaster snowstorm[J].Plateau Meteor,32(1):201-210.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00020.
[22]赵俊荣,杨雪,杨景辉.2010.新疆北部冬季暖区大降雪过程中尺度云团特征分析[J].高原气象,29(5):1280-1288.Zhao Junrong,Yang Xue,Yang Jinghui.2010.Analysis on mesoscal cloud characteristic of severe snowfall process in warm zone of northern Xinjinag winter[J].Plateau Meteor,29(5):1280-1288.
[23]周雪松,杨成芳,孙兴池.2013.两次早春暴雪过程的对比分析[J].高原气象,32(2):446-455.Zhou Xuesong,Yang Chengfang,Sun Xiangchi.2013.Comparative analyses on two early sring snowstorm processes[J].Plateau Meteor,32(2):446-455.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00043.
[24]庄晓翠,李博渊,张林梅,等.2013.新疆阿勒泰地区冬季大到暴雪气候变化特征[J].干旱区地理,36(6):1013-1021.Zhuang Xiaocui,Li Boyuan,Zhang Linmei,et al.2013.Heavy snowstorm characteristics of climatic change in winter in Altay Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography,36(6):1013-1021.