In order to understand the dust aerosols produced by the serious Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)desertification and its effect,sensitivity tests using the climate model CAM3.1 has been conducted in this paper, with the aim of exploring the greatest possible contribution of desertification over QXP to the east Asian atmospheric aerosol.The simulations show that the potential dust emission sources over the QXP are mainly distributed in the western plateau near to Qaidam Basin,southern Tibet,southern Qinghai Plateau;Sand emissions vary seasonally with the peak in spring,autumn second,winter third,minimum in summer.Besides the dust aerosol concentrations over the QXP emitted from the QXP are greatly enhanced,also dust aerosols significantly increased in the lower troposphere over central-western China and the mid-troposphere from central-western China,Korea, Japan to West Pacific.The contributions of the QXP-desertification to East Asian dust aerosols are high mainly in the lower-troposphere near to the QXP,while in the far-source region such as the south of Japan and the Middle Pacific region was highly in high-rise.Plateau dust aerosol could be easily ascended to westerlies,becoming the world's highest efficiency dust-distance transmission source.
[1]Collins W D,Rasch P J,Boville B A,et al.2004.Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3.0)[M].Boulder:National Center for Atmospheric Research,214.
[2]Huang J,Patrick M,Yi Y,et al.2007.Summer dust aerosols detected from CALIPSO over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Geophys Res Lett,34(18):529-538.DOI:10.1029/2007GL029938.
[3]Liu Z,Liu D,Huang J,et al.2008.Airborne dust distributions over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas derived from the first year of CALIPSO lidar observations[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,8(16):5045-5060.
[4]Wu G,Liu Y,He B,et al.2012.Thermal controls on the Asian summer monsoon[J].Scientific Reports,2(5):65-65.DOI:10.1038/srep00404.
[5]Xu X,Lu C,Shi X,et al.2008.World water tower:An atmospheric perspective[J].Geophys Res Lett,35(20):525-530.
[6]Zhao T L,Gong S L,Zhang X Y,et al.2006.A simulated climatology of Asian dust aerosol and its trans-pacific transport.Part I:Mean climate and validation[J].J Climate,19(1):88-103.
[7]常倬林,崔洋,张武,等.2015.宁夏典型沙尘天气条件下气溶胶分布特征研究[J].高原气象,34(4):1049-1056,Chang Zhuolin,Cui Yang,Zhang Wu,et al.2015.Temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosol in typical dusty weather over Ningxia[J].Plateau Meteor,34(4):1049-1056.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00040.
[8]方小敏,韩永翔,马金辉,等.2004.青藏高原沙尘特征与高原黄土堆积:以2003-03-04拉萨沙尘天气过程为例[J].科学通报,49(11):1084 -1090.Fang Xiaomin,Han Yongxiang,Ma Jinhui,et al.2004.Dust storms and loess accumulation on the Tibetan Plateau:A case of dust event on 4 March 2003 in Lhasa[J].China Sci Bull,49(11):1084-1090.
[9]巩远发,纪立人,段延扬.2004.青藏高原雨季的降水特征与东亚夏季风爆发[J].高原气象,23(3):313-322.Gong Yuanfa,Ji Liren,Duan Yanyang.2004.Precipitation character of rainy season of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and onset over East Asia monsoon[J].Plateau Meteor,23(3):313-322.
[10]胡光印,董治宝,逯军峰,等.2010.长江源区沙漠化土地遥感调查及分析[J].中国沙漠,30(3):505-509.Hu Guangyin,Dong Zhibao,Lu Junfeng,et al.2010.Desertification land survey in source region of Yangtze River and analysis of its distribution characteristics[J].J Desert Res,30(3):505-509.
[11]胡光印,董治宝,逯军峰,等.2011.黄河源区1975-2005年沙漠化时空演变及其成因分析[J].中国沙漠,31(5):1079-1086.Hu Guangyin,Dong Zhibao,Lu Junfeng,et al.2011.Spatial and temporal changes of desertification land and its influence factors in source region of the Yellow River from 1975 to 2005[J].J Desert Res,31(5):1079-1086.
[12]李吉均,方小敏.1999.青藏高原隆起与环境变化研究[J].科学通报,43(15):1569-1574.Li Jijun,Fang Xiaomin.1999.Uplifting of Tibetan with its environmental effect[J].China Sci Bull,43(15):1569-1574.
[13]李森,高尚玉,杨萍,等.2005.青藏高原冻融荒漠化的若干问题-以藏西-藏北荒漠化区为例[J].冰川冻土,27(4):476-485.Li Sen,Gao Shangyu,Yang Ping,et al.2005.Some problems of freeze-thaw desertification in the Tibetan Plateau:A case study on the desertification regions of the Western and Northern Plateau[J].J Glaciology Geocryology,27(4):476-485.
[14]毛睿,龚道溢,邬光剑,等.2012.青藏高原对东亚上空沙尘气溶胶贡献的数值模拟分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,42(7):1094-1103.Mao Rui,Gong Daoyi,Shao Guangjian,et al.2012.Numerical analysis for contribution of the Tibetan Plateau to dust aerosols in the atmosphere over the East Asia[J].Sci China:Earth Sci,42(7):1094-1103.
[15]王同美,吴国雄,万日金.2008.青藏高原的热力和动力作用对亚洲季风区环流的影响[J].高原气象,27(1):1-9.Wang Tongmei,Wu Guoxiong,Wan Rijin.2008.Influence of the mechanical and thermal forcing of Tibetan Plateau on the circulation of the Asian summer monsoon area[J].Plateau Meteor,27(1):1-9.
[16]王学佳,杨梅学,万国宁.2013.近60年青藏高原地区地面感热通量的时空演变特征[J].高原气象,32(6):1557-1567.Wang Xuejia,Yang Meixue,Wan Guoning.2013.Temporal-spatial distribution and evolution of surface sencible heat flux over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during last 60 years[J].Plateau Meteor,32(6):1557-1567.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000 -0534.2012.00151.
[17]夏志业,刘志红,王永前,等.2015.MODIS气溶胶光学厚度的PM2.5质量浓度遥感反演研究[J].高原气象,34(6):1765-1771,Xia Zhiye,Liu Zhihong,Wang Yongqian,et al.2015.Research on ground-level PM2.5 mass concentration retrieval based on MODIS aerosol optical thickness[J].Plateau Meteor,34(6):1765-1771.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00075.
[18]谢胜波,屈建军,俎瑞平,等.2012.沙漠化对青藏高原冻土地温影响的新发现及意义[J].科学通报,57(6):393-396.Xie Shenbo,Qu Jianjun,Zu Ruiping,et al.2012.New discoveries on the effects of desertification on the ground temperature of permafrost and its significance to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].China Sci Bull,57(6):838-842.
[19]熊洁,赵天良,韩永翔,等.2013.1995－2004年东亚沙尘气溶胶的模拟源汇分布及垂直结构[J].中国环境科学,33(6):961-968.Xiong Jie,Zhao Tianliang,Han Yongxiang,et al.2013.A Simulation of dust aerosols source and sink distributions and vertical profiles in East Asia over 1995-2004[J].China Environmental Science,33(6):961-968.
[20]宿兴涛,王汉杰.2012.近10年东亚沙尘气溶胶时空分布与起尘通量的数值研究[J].高原气象,31(3):676-687.Su Xingtao,Wang Hanjie.2012.Simulation study on the spatial and temporal distributions and emission flux of dust aerosol over East Asia in the latest decade[J].Plateau Meteor,31(3):676-687.
[21]徐丽娇,李栋梁,胡泽勇.2010.青藏高原积雪日数与高原季风的关系[J].高原气象,29(5):1093-1101.Xu Lijiao,Li Dongliang,Hu Zeyong.2010.Relationgship between the snow cover day and monsoon index in Tibatan Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,29(5):1093-1101.
[22]郑度,姚檀栋.2004.青藏高原隆升与环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,255-274.Zheng Du,Yao Tandong.2004.Uplifting of Tibetan Plateau with its environmental effects[M].Beijing:Science Press,255-274.
[23]周碧,张镭,隋兵,等.2014.利用激光雷达探测兰州地区气溶胶的垂直分布[J].高原气象,33(6):1545-1550.Zhou Bi,Zhang Lei,Sui Bing,et at.2014.Detection of aerosol vertical distribution using lidar in Lanzhou District[J].Plateau Meteor,33(6):1545-1550.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00135.
