On the basis of daily precipitation observations at 156 stations from 1979 to 2012 in eastern part of Northwest China and the monthly means of surface sensible heat flux of NCEP/DOE reanalysis data, physical mechanism and possible linkage between winter surface sensible heat flux anomalies over mid-high latitudes of the Eurasian Continent (61°N-67°N, 53°E-68°E) and summer precipitation over eastern part of Northwest China are analyzed in this study. The results show that when the sensible heat flux over mid-high latitudes of the Eurasian Continent transported from atmosphere to land surface is larger in winter, the sensible heat flux transportation from land surface to atmosphere will be larger in spring and summer as a consequence, the Ural blocking high and Mongolian low are strengthened, the northwest Pacific subtropical high is strengthened and migrating more west than normal, the subtropical westerly jet is anomalously northward and the South Asian high is far eastward, resulting in the ascending flow over eastern part of Northwest China strengthened. In addition, the transportation of the warm and moist air flows in low-level are strengthened in eastern part of Northwest China, as well as the water vapor convergence. All these contribute to the precipitation increasing over Eastern Part of Northwest China because of its location at the bottom of the Mongolian low and to the northwest of the subtropical high, in contrast, when the sensible heat flux transported from atmosphere to the surface is smaller in winter, the sensible heat flux transportation from land surface to atmosphere will also be smaller in spring and summer leading to the opposite atmospheric circulation anomalies in the summer, which will make the summer precipitation over the eastern part of Northwest China decreasing.
[1]Wu G, Zhang Y. 1998. Tibetan Plateau forcing and the timing of the monsoon onset over South Asia and the South China Sea[J]. Mon Wea Rev, 126(4):913-927.
[2]Wang H, Li D. 2011. Correlation of surface sensible heat flux in the arid region of northwestern China with the northern boundary of the East Asian summer monsoon and Chinese summer precipitation[J]. J Geophys Res:Atmospheres, 116(D19):1441-1458. DOI:10. 1029/2011JD015696,2011.
[3]Xue Y, Juang H M H, Li W P, et al. 2004. Role of land surface processes in monsoon development:East Asia and West Africa[J]. J Geophys Res:Atmospheres (1984-2012), 109(D3):215-229.
[4]Bi Baogui, Liu Yuewei, Li Zechun. 2006. The effect of surface thermal forcing on the extremely heavy rainfall in the southern Shaanxi province during June 8 and 9, 2002[J]. Geographical Research, 24(5):681-691.<br/>毕宝贵, 刘月巍, 李泽椿. 2006.地表热通量对陕南强降水的影响[J].地理研究, 24(5):681-691.
[5]Cai Ying, Qian Zhengan, Song Minhong. 2003. Contrast analyses on water vapor and EASM between dry and wet years of Northwest and North China[J]. Plateau Meteor, 22(1):14-23.<br/>蔡英, 钱正安, 宋敏红. 2003.华北和西北区干湿年间水汽场及东亚夏季风的对比分析[J].高原气象, 22(1):14-23.
[6]Chen Dongdong, Dai Yongjiu. 2009. Characteristics and analysis of typical anomalous summer rainfall patterns in Northwest China over the last 50 years[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 33(6):1247-1258.<br/>陈冬冬, 戴永久. 2009.近五十年中国西北地区夏季降水场变化特征及影响因素分析[J].大气科学, 33(6):1247-1258.
[7]Chen Shengjie, Li Dongliang, He Jinhai. 2012. Influence of the surface sensible heat flux of North Asian continent in winter on Meiyu in Yangtze-Huaihe valleys[J]. Plateau Meteor, 31(2):359-369.<br/>陈圣劼, 李栋梁, 何金海. 2012.北亚洲大陆冬季地表感热通量对我国江淮梅雨的影响[J].高原气象, 31(2):359-369.
[8]Fang Xiaojie, Zeng Xiaomei, Chen Xueqing. 2009. Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of westerly jet in 200 hPa in East Asia and the analysis of relationship between it and summer precipitation in China[J]. Meteor Environ Sci, 32(2):11-15.<br/>方晓洁, 曾晓枚, 陈雪芹. 2009.东亚夏季200 hPa西风急流时空分布特征与我国夏季降水关系的初步分析[J].气象与环境科学, 32(2):11-15.
[9]Jin Liya, Fu Jiaolan, Chen Fahu. 2005. Spatial differences of precipitation over Northwest China during the last 44 years and its response to global warming[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 25(5):567-572.<br/>靳立亚, 符娇兰, 陈发虎. 2005.近44年来中国西北降水量变化的区域差异以及对全球变暖的响应[J].地理科学, 25(5):567-572.
[10]Li Chongyin, Xiao Ziniu. 1993. Numerical simulation of the atmospheric low frequency tele response to the external forcing:Ⅱ:Response anomalous "cold wave" over the middle-high latitude Eurasian Area[J]. Scientia Atmospherica Sinica. 17(5):523-531.<br/>李崇银, 肖子牛. 1993.大气对外强迫低频遥响应的数值模拟:Ⅱ:对欧亚中高纬"寒潮"异常的响应[J].大气科学, 17(5):523-531.
[11]Li Dongliang, Zhang Jijia, Wu Hongbao. 1997. Adiagnostic study on surface sensible heat flux anomalyin summer over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Plateau Meteor, 16(4):367-375.<br/>李栋梁, 章基嘉, 吴洪宝. 1997.夏季青藏高原下垫面感热异常的诊断研究[J].高原气象, 16(4):367-375.
[12]Li Dongliang, Li Weijing, Wei Li, et al. 2003a. A diagnostic study of surface sensible heat flux anomaly over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Climatic Environ Res, 8(1):71-83.<br/>李栋梁, 李维京, 魏丽, 等. 2003a.青藏高原地面感热及其异常的诊断分析[J].气候与环境研究, 8(1):71-83.
[13]Li Dongliang, Wei Li, Li Weijing, et al. 2003b. The effect of surface sensible heat flux of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on general circulation over the northern hemisphere and climatic anomaly of China[J]. Climatic Environ Res, 8(1):60-70.<br/>李栋梁, 魏丽, 李维京, 等. 2003b.青藏高原地面感热对北半球大气环流和中国气候异常的影响[J].气候与环境研究, 8(1):60-70.
[14]Ren Hongli, Zhang Peiqun, Li Weijing, et al. 2004. Characteristics of precipitation and water vapor transport during springtime in the eastern Northwest China[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica, 62(3):365-374.<br/>任宏利, 张培群, 李维京, 等. 2004.中国西北东部地区春季降水及其水汽输送特征[J].气象学报, 62(3):365-374.
[15]Su Zhixia, Lü Shihua, Luo Siwei. 1999. The examinations and analysis of ncep/ncar 40 years global reanalysis data in China[J]. Plateau Meteor, 18(2):209-218.<br/>苏志侠, 吕世华, 罗四维. 1999.美国NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料及其初步分析[J].高原气象, 18(2):209-218.
[16]Song Minhong, Wu Tongwen, Qian Zhengan. 2000. Verification of ncep surface heat fluxes over QXP and its application to summer precipitation forecast[J]. Plateau Meteor, 19(4):467-475.<br/>宋敏红, 吴统文, 钱正安. 2000.高原地区NCEP热通量再分析资料的检验及在夏季降水预测中的应用[J].高原气象, 19(4):467-475.
[17]Shi Yafeng, Shen Yongping, Li Dongliang, et al. 2003. Discussion on the present climate change from warm-dry to warm-wet in Northwest CHINA[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 23(2):152-164.<br/>施雅风, 沈永平, 李栋梁, 等. 2003.中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的特征和趋势探讨[J].第四纪研究, 23(2):152-164.
[18]Shao Pengcheng, Li Dongliang, Wang Chunxue. 2015. Spatial and temporal changes of summer rain in the Yellow River Basin and its relations to the East Asia subtropical westerly jet in last 50 years[J]. Plateau Meteor, 34(2):347-356. DOI:10. 7522/j. issn. 1000-0534. 2013. 00194.<br/>邵鹏程, 李栋梁, 王春学. 2015.近50年黄河流域夏季降水的时空变化及其与东亚副热带西风急流的关系[J].高原气象, 34(2):347-356.
[19]Wei Li, Li Dongliang. 2003. Evaluation of NCEP/DOE Surface Flux Data over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Plateau Meteor, 22(5):478-487.<br/>魏丽, 李栋梁. 2003.青藏高原地区NCEP新再分析地面通量资料的检验[J].高原气象, 22(5):478-487.
[20]Wu He, Chen Haishan, Huang Lingfang. 2015. Possible linkage between spring surface sensible heat flux anomalies over the mid-high latitudes of the Eurasian Continent and summer precipitation in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Climatic Environ Res, 20 (1):119-128.<br/>吴荷, 陈海山, 黄菱芳. 2015.欧亚中高纬春季地表感热异常与长江中下游夏季降水的可能联系[J].气候与环境研究, 20(1):119-128.
[21]Xu Guochang, Zhang Zhiyin. 1983. THE effect of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on the formation of dry climate over the Northwest of China[J]. Plateau Meteor, 2(2):9-16.<br/>徐国昌, 张志银. 1983.青藏高原对西北干旱气候形成的作用[J].高原气象, 2(2):9-16.
[22]Yang Jiangling, Feng Jianmin, Mu Jianhua, et al. 2013. An analysis of the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of seasonal drought in the east of Northwest China[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 35(4):949-958. DOI:10. 7522/j. issn. 1000-0240. 2013. 0107.<br/>杨建玲, 冯建民, 穆建华, 等. 2013.西北地区东部季节干旱的时空变化特征分析[J].冰川冻土, 35(4):949-958.
[23]Zhou Liantong, Huang Ronghui. 2008. Interdecadal variability of sensible heat in arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China and its relation to summer precipitation in China[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 32(6):1276-1288.<br/>周连童, 黄荣辉. 2008.中国西北干旱、半干旱区感热的年代际变化特征及其与中国夏季降水的关系[J].大气科学, 32(6):1276-1288.
[24]Zhou Changchun, Gao Xiaoqing, Chen Wen, et al. 2009. The impact of sensible heat flux anomaly over Central Asia on temperature and precipitation in Northwest China[J]. Plateau Meteor, 28(2):395-401.<br/>周长春, 高晓清, 陈文, 等. 2009.中亚感热异常对我国西北温度、降水的影响[J].高原气象, 28(2):395-401.
[25]Zhang Qiong, Qian Zhengan, Chen Minlian. 1997. The further study about south Asia high in summer. Ⅰ:Statistic analyses of relationship between it and precipitation distribution over Northwest China[J]. Plateau Meteor, 16(1):52-62.<br/>张琼, 钱正安, 陈敏连. 1997.关于夏季南亚高压的进一步研究:Ⅰ.与我国西北地区降水关系的统计分析[J].高原气象, 16(1):52-62.
[26]Zhao Qingyun, Li Dongliang, Wu Hongbao. 2006. Analyses on surface air temperature changes in east part of Northwest China in last 40 years[J]. Plateau Meteor, 25(4):643-650.<br/>赵庆云, 李栋梁, 吴洪宝. 2006.西北区东部近40年地面气温变化的分析[J].高原气象, 25(4):643-650.
