As a clean and renewable energy source, wind power has made rapid development in the past few decades.Currently, China has the largest installed wind power capacity in the world.Although the turbine does not generate direct emission of pollution or greenhouse gas during the operation of the wind turbine, it could change the surface condition within the wind farms area and cause potential disturbance and impact on the atmosphere.In this study, using a weather research and foresting (WRF) model incorporating two wind farm parameterizations schemes (the increased aerodynamic roughness length scheme and the wind turbine drag force scheme), we assessed quantitatively the impact of large-scale wind farms in northern China on the meteorological conditions, including the wind speed, turbulence and air temperature in the North China Plain.The sensitivity numerical experiments were conducted by setting four model scenarios including and excluding wind farms.The results show a wind speed deficit within and around the large-scale wind farms.Such wind speed deficit is larger in winter (January) than that in summer (July).The increasing vertical turbulent mixing induced by wind turbines results in the increase of temperature at the hub-height and surface within and downstream of the wind farms in January.We found that the increase in air temperature at the hub-height is slightly larger than that near the surface.In July, there is the perturbation of air temperature at the hub-height and surface near the wind farms.Considering the increased turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) produced by the wind turbine blade rotation, we infer that the increase of temperature at the surface and hub-height is mainly caused by the turbulent inversion effect.
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