Analysis of Environmental Conditions and Radar Monitoring Warning of Tornado in Eastern Henan

  • Yiping ZHANG ,
  • Junping LIANG ,
  • Shuzhen NIU ,
  • Mingming CAO ,
  • Han LI ,
  • Di WANG
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  • <sup>1.</sup>Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Ensuring and Applied Technique,Zhengzhou 50003,Henan,China;<sup>2.</sup>Henan Meteorological Observatory,Zhengzhou 450003,Henan,China;<sup>3.</sup>Henan Meteorological Bureau,Zhengzhou 450003,Henan,China;<sup>4.</sup>Zhoukou Meteorological Observatory,Zhoukou 466002,Henan,China

Received date: 2019-06-24

  Online published: 2020-10-28

Abstract

Based on upper-air observation, ground observation, the CINRAD radar, NCEP/NCAR (1°×1°) reanalysis and other data, analyzed the weather situation, environmental conditions and radar monitoring characteristics of four tornado cases in Eastern Henan Plain in details, and discussed the causes of tornadoes during heavy precipitation.The results show that: (1) The four tornadoes mostly occurred in the high-level diffluence divergence, the middle midlatitude trough and the southwest warm and humid airflow at the edge of the subtropical high.Low-level jets, ultra-low-level jets and low-vortex, shear and ground low pressure convergence zone are the main influencing systems that facilitate the occurrence of local tornado during heavy rain.(2) The single-station sounding parameter is characterized by a nearly saturated deep wet layer, a small vertical temperature decline rate, an atmospheric precipitation of 5.6~6.7 cm, and water vapor is abundant.The convective available potential energy is quite different, while the K index is mostly at 30~43 °C.The height of -20 ℃ layer, 0 ℃ dry-bulb temperature (DBZ) layer, and 0 ℃ wet-bulb temperature (WBZ) layer are all higher, while the free convection level and lifting condensation level are low.Before tornadoes occurred, vertical wind shear of 0~6 km and 0~1 km is respectively 14~22 m·s-1 and 12~14 m·s-1.Physical quantity of the similar process synthesize the tornado-prone area in Eastern Henan is located in the abnormal large value area representing the key physical quantities of heat and water vapor.(3) On the radar echo maps, the tornado is mostly generated by the micro-super-cell on the strong echo band before the large-scale rainstorm echo, on the corresponding velocity maps, there are mesocyclones and tornadic vortex signatures (TVS) moving from the southwest to the northeast.The mesocyclones and TVS top height and rotation depth are mostly below 4km, and the bottom height is mostly below 0.5 km.(4) The monitoring rate of mesocyclone to tornado varies greatly from 29% to 75%, and the early warning time is basically 30~50 minutes.The TVS monitoring rate of the tornado can reach 50%~100%, but the advance time is shorter in 0~18 minutes.In addition to the strength of the tornado, the maximum shear value is also related to the monitoring distance.

Cite this article

Yiping ZHANG , Junping LIANG , Shuzhen NIU , Mingming CAO , Han LI , Di WANG . Analysis of Environmental Conditions and Radar Monitoring Warning of Tornado in Eastern Henan[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2020 , 39(5) : 1089 -1101 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2019.00101

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