An overview of orographic precipitation （OP） is presented， including the experimental studies， physic mechanism and its forecasting methods.The effects of orographic dimension and geometry， water vapor condensation and atmospheric stability on OP are summarized， as well as the progress on the linear OP model， topographic parameterization and its forecasting methods.The current challenges of research on OP are summarized.The improvement of the research on the mechanism of OP and the forecasting methods need to further carry out a variety of topographic observation experiments and analysis of mechanisms based on multi-source data.Furthermore， a new simplified OP parameterization scheme （SOP） is evaluated based on a linear orographic precipitation scheme by considering both the sub-grid topographic blocking effects and the probability of atmospheric precipitation.The application of the SOP scheme is implemented based on GRAPES （Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System）.The results show that the SOP scheme could predict the extreme OP over the mountainous terrain and capture the weak precipitation over the lee side of the mountain.Seasonal experiments showed that the intensity and distribution of the simulated OP had some typical correspondences with surface observations over the mountainous terrain.The SOP scheme provides useful reference values for the precipitation forecast over complex terrain， and also help to better predict the OP especially when the model underestimate the precipitation from microphysics scheme over the mountainous terrain.Further researches are needed to study the interaction of the weather systems under multi-scale complex terrain， and to improve the theoretical technology of numerical model dynamics， physical process and data assimilation， so as to improve the understanding of influencing mechanism and forecast methods for orographic precipitation.
Shuixin ZHONG
. Advances in the Study of the Influencing Mechanism and Forecast Methods for Orographic Precipitation[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2020
, 39(5)
: 1122
-1132
.
DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2019.00083
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