Characteristics of Atmospheric Water Vapor Distribution and Transport during Summer over Shandong Province

  • Na WANG ,
  • Weizong GU ,
  • Can QIU ,
  • Xiangxin MENG ,
  • fang ZHOU
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  • <sup>1.</sup>Shandong Climate Center,Shandong Province Meteorological Bureau,Jinan 250031,Shandong,China;<sup>2.</sup>Ensuring Center of Atmospheric Sounding Technology,Shandong Provincial Meteorological Bureau,Jinan 250031,Shandong,China;<sup>3.</sup>Climate Change Research Center,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,and Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China

Received date: 2019-11-12

  Online published: 2021-02-28

Abstract

Based on monthly rain-gauge precipitation data and JRA-55, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the climatology distributional and variational characteristics of whole atmospheric column precipitable water, precipitation conversion efficiency, water vapor flux and transport during summertime from 1962 to 2016 in Shandong Province were investigated; The correlativity between summer precipitation and both moisture fluxes and divergences, as well as the water vapor sources in above normal rainfall years, were discussed.Results indicate that: As for the climatology, averaged precipitation, precipitable water, and precipitation conversion efficiency are 401.2 mm, 3478.8 mm and 11.5%, respectively.The spatial-temporal evolutions exhibit more consistent for precipitation and precipitation conversion efficiency compared with that of summer rainfall and whole atmospheric column precipitable water, which are even opposite in some specific years or periods.The surface effective precipitation tends to be more influenced by meridional water vapor transport and regional moisture flux divergences.When the atmospheric precipitable water and water vapor transport are abundant, the regional moisture convergence is more favorable for the occurrence and development of precipitation in the southern part of Shandong, thus make the special climatology of both rainfall and precipitation conversion efficiency distribute as more rainfall in the southeast Shandong than that in the northwestern part.By comparison, the main source of water vapor in rainy years is transported from the Northwest Pacific by the easterly and southerly of the western North Pacific subtropical high, lead to strong convergence in the southeastern Shandong; While in the heavy rainy years, water vapor in the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean also transported by both tropical and middle-high latitude general circulation systems, the Philippine Anticyclone, cross-equatorial flow and westerly of an anticlockwise moisture flux center located in Outer Mongolia for instance, thus give rise to intensive convergence in the west and south part of Shandong.The Northwest Pacific, South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Okhotsk to Japan Sea are significant water vapor sources which could bring about more summer rainfall in Shandong.Besides, the essential cold-air activity area extends from Balkhash Lake to Baikal.When the upstream region of Shandong prevails westerly wind, an anomalous water vapor disturbance appeared and developed in a belt area from Xinjiang and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau to Inner Mongolia is the main factor for precipitation anomaly arising from anomalous moisture transported by mean circulation.

Cite this article

Na WANG , Weizong GU , Can QIU , Xiangxin MENG , fang ZHOU . Characteristics of Atmospheric Water Vapor Distribution and Transport during Summer over Shandong Province[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2021 , 40(1) : 159 -168 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2019.00119

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