1 引言
2 资料来源
3 方法介绍
3.1 降水转化率
3.2 水汽通量和水汽通量散度
3.3 水汽输送轨迹
4 结果分析
4.1 整层大气可降水量和降水转化率
4.2 整层大气的水汽通量特征
图5 夏季山东平均降水量与整层大气水汽通量的相关矢量场粗等值线和阴影区域分别表示Rqu、 Rqv通过0.05显著性水平检验 Fig.5 Correlations between the summer precipitation anomalies averaged in Shandong and the whole atmospheric column moisture fluxes in summer.The solid lines and the shadings indicate significant Rqu and Rqv at the 0.05 confidence level, respectively |
图6 夏季山东平均降水量与整层大气水汽通量散度的相关场(等值线)浅灰色、 灰色到深灰色阴影区域分别表示通过0.05、 0.01和0.001显著性水平检验 Fig.6 Correlations (contour) between the summer precipitation anomalies averaged in Shandong and the whole atmospheric column moisture flux divergences in summer.The light to dark gray shadings indicates significant at the 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 confidence level, respectively |
图7 山东夏季降水5个异常偏多(a)和6个偏多(b)年份的整层大气水汽通量[矢量, 单位: kg·(m·s)-1]及其散度(彩色区, 单位: ×10-8 g·s-1·cm-2)距平合成场Fig.7 Composite maps of the whole atmospheric column moisture fluxes [vector, unit: kg·(m·s)-1] and their divergences (color area, unit: ×10-8 g·s-1·cm-2) in the 5 heavy rainy years (a) and 6 rainy years of summer precipitation over Shandong |
表1 山东夏季降水偏多年大气水汽通量异常的区域平均散度Table 1 Regional averaged divergences of anomalous moisture fluxes in the summer rainy years of Shandong |
| 散度 | 各年大气水汽通量异常的区域平均散度 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1971 | 1974 | 1978 | 1990 | 1994 | 1995 | 1998 | 2004 | |
| div( ) | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - |
| div( ) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - |
| div | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | - | - | - |
区域平均的范围是32.5°N-40.0°N, 115.0°E-122.5°E; -和+分别表示辐合和辐散 |
图8 山东夏季降水11个偏多年份的850 hPa两种异常大气水汽通量矢量场[矢量, 单位: kg·(m·s)-1]及其散度(彩色区, 单位: ×10-8 g·s-1·cm-2)距平合成场Fig.8 Composite maps of the two kinds of anomalous atmospheric column moisture fluxes [vector, unit: kg·(m·s)-1] and their divergences (color area, unit: ×10-8 g·s-1·cm-2) at 850 hPa in the 11 rainy years of summer precipitation over Shandong |