Environmental Background and Formative Mechanisms of a Tornado Occurred in Kaiyuan on 3 July 2019

  • Chao YUAN ,
  • Shigong WANG ,
  • Xiangyi MA ,
  • Lei YANG ,
  • Linan CHEN
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  • <sup>1.</sup>College of Atmospheric Sciences,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,Sichuan,China;<sup>2.</sup>Panjin Meteorological Bureau,Panjin 124010,Liaoning,China;<sup>3.</sup>Liaoning Meteorological Disaster Warning Center,Shenyang 110166,Liaoning,China;<sup>4.</sup>Liaoyuan Meteorological Bureau,Liaoyuan 136200,Jilin,China

Received date: 2020-04-03

  Online published: 2021-04-28

Abstract

In this study, an EF4 scale tornado occurred in Kaiyuan on 3 July 2019 was investigated through several high spatio-temporal resolution observations.The results show that: (1) The tornado was under the southwest side of a cold vortex over Northeast China, a sub-synoptic scale transverse trough at low level was a destabilizing mechanism for convection development, while the encounter of the convergence line that originated from a dry line and a mesoscale pseudo cold front was the trigger mechanism of the tornado storm.(2) The rapid increase of thermal and dynamic instability are caused by the comprehensive effects of ultra low level jet, high level dry airflow and solar radiation heating.The large value of CAPE, relative humidity at low-level, vertical wind shear and storm relative helicity (SRH) are conducive to the formation of the tornadic storm.(3) The tornado was generated at the edge of a typical hook-shape supercell echo.Cyclone rotations first appeared in the lower layers, and the development of the tornado was associated with the mid-lower cyclones and significantly adjacent azimuthal velocity shear.A weak echo hole (WEH) could be found above the center of tornado in 3-D image of the radar reflectivity.(4) The ultra low level jet enhanced the transport of horizontal vorticity.The mesoscale cyclonic circulation formed by the meeting of the two convergence lines provided an initial source of vertical vorticity for the tornado.The tornado was generated by the contraction of vertical vorticity under the stretching of the updraft.

Cite this article

Chao YUAN , Shigong WANG , Xiangyi MA , Lei YANG , Linan CHEN . Environmental Background and Formative Mechanisms of a Tornado Occurred in Kaiyuan on 3 July 2019[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2021 , 40(2) : 384 -393 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2020.00061

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