Analysis of the Characteristics and Atmospheric Circulation Causes of Two Types of Extreme Cold Events in Winter in China

  • Mingxin LIU ,
  • Yan LI ,
  • Chunyan Lü
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  • Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province /College of Atmosphere Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China

Received date: 2020-07-31

  Online published: 2021-06-28

Abstract

There has been an increase of extreme cold events in China for the past few years, with distinctly different characteristics and causes of formation.The extreme cold events are classified into two types, i.e.the extensive and persistent extreme cold events (EPECE) and the cold wave events (CWE).The results show that the average duration of CWE is 3~5 days.During the process, while the temperature drops rapidly, it also rises quickly.The precipitation occurs in the early stage of the process.In contrast, EPECE lasts for more than 15 days on average, with a more drastical temperature drop and a wider temperature reduction range.The precipitation mainly occurs in the later stages of the process.With further analysis of the cause of atmospheric circulation, the anomalies of tropospheric system appear at 11days prior to (-11) the event, indicating wave anomalies are transmited to the stratosphere in the EPECE.It makes the center of stratospheric polar vortex to be further east.The energy is transmitted down to the troposphere with the anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking(AWB) which extends eastward at -9 days.The blocking high abnormally extends eastward to 90°E.The maximum blocking intensity exceeds 24, and the maximum blocking frequency exceeds 50% of the climatology.The intensity of Siberian high pressure increases to 1053 hPa.The above abnormalities maintain until 7 (+7) days after the occurrence of the event.As a result, when the cold air breaks out, the temperature is drastically reduced with a longer duration.By comparison, there are no such premature precursor signals in CWE.Accompanied by AWB at day 0, the center of the stratospheric polar vortex is near the pole at -3 days.The maximum blocking intensity exceeds 20, and the maximum blocking frequency exceeds 45% of the climatology.But the blocking limited to 60°E around Ural Mountain area.The maximum intensity of the Siberian high reaches 1050 hPa.+3 days later, the anomalies of the circulation systems almost disappeared.Therefore, in the CWE, the temperature drop is also intense, but the duration is shorter compared with that in the EPECE.

Cite this article

Mingxin LIU , Yan LI , Chunyan Lü . Analysis of the Characteristics and Atmospheric Circulation Causes of Two Types of Extreme Cold Events in Winter in China[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2021 , 40(3) : 603 -620 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2020.00093

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