1 引言
2 资料来源和方法介绍
2.1 试验区概况
2.2 观测方法
2.3 灌木叶片气孔导度估算
3 结果与分析
3.1 降水对荒漠植物水分传输因子的影响
表1 降雨前后环境因子和3种灌木气孔导度、 叶水势、 蒸腾速率日均值对比Table 1 Comparison of the daily mean values of environmental factors and stomatal conductance、 leaf water potential、 transpiration rate of the three shrubs prior to and following rainfall |
| 降雨前 | 降雨后 | 降雨后/降雨前 | 统计学检验P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0~30 cm土壤含水量/(m3·m⁻3) | 0.035±0.001 | 0.058±0.001 | 1.657 | 0.002* |
| 30~200 cm土壤含水量/(m3·m⁻3) | 0.064±0.001 | 0.068±0.001 | 1.063 | 0.079 |
| VPD/kPa | 5.653±0.268 | 4.602±0.283 | 0.814 | 0.000* |
| T/℃ | 36.559±1.788 | 33.769±1.384 | 0.924 | 0.000* |
| PAR/(µmol·m⁻2·s⁻1) | 891.459±35.077 | 917.385±42.508 | 1.029 | 0.724 |
| 梭梭气孔导度/(mol·m⁻2·s⁻1) | 0.096±0.008 | 0.104±0.011 | 1.083 | 0.041* |
| 泡泡刺气孔导度/(mol·m⁻2·s⁻1) | 0.113±0.011 | 0.124±0.013 | 1.097 | 0.069 |
| 沙拐枣气孔导度/(mol·m⁻2·s⁻1) | 0.125±0.012 | 0.144±0.014 | 1.152 | 0.037* |
| 梭梭叶片水势/MPa | -3.432±0.126 | -2.869±0.118 | 0.836 | 0.019* |
| 泡泡刺叶片水势/MPa | -4.706±0.154 | -3.770±0.183 | 0.801 | 0.000* |
| 沙拐枣叶片水势/MPa | -1.956±0.127 | -1.546±0.125 | 0.790 | 0.001* |
| 梭梭蒸腾速率/(mmol·m⁻2·s⁻1) | 4.572±0.248 | 4.056±0.239 | 0.887 | 0.010* |
| 泡泡刺蒸腾速率/(mmol·m⁻2·s⁻1) | 6.022±0.273 | 4.433±0.263 | 0.736 | 0.000* |
| 沙拐枣蒸腾速率/(mmol·m⁻2·s⁻1) | 6.375±0.257 | 6.099±0.243 | 0.957 | 0.101 |
*表示显著相关(P<0.05) |
图1 降雨前后饱和水汽压差VPD (a)、 气温T (b)、 光合有效辐射PAR (c)和3种灌木气孔导度gs (d~f)、 叶水势Ψ (g~i)及蒸腾速率Tr (j~l)的平均日变化Fig.1 Mean diurnal variations of Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) (a)、 air temperature (T) (b) and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) (c) and stomatal conductance (gs) (d~f)、 leaf water potential (Ψ)(g~i)、 transpiration rate (Tr) (j~l) of the three shrubs prior to and following rainfall |
3.2 气孔导度对主要环境因子的响应
表2 各响应函数表达式及决定系数Table 2 Fitting functions and their coefficients of determination |
| 植物 种类 | 响应函数 | 降雨前 | 降雨后 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 参数 | R 2 | n | 参数 | R 2 | n | ||
| 梭梭 | a 1=4.860, a 2=6.299 | 0.393* | 64 | a 1=2.345, a 2=2.599 | 0.480* | 68 | |
| b 1=1.502, b 2=-0.049, b 3=0.001 | 0.339* | 64 | b 1=0.462, b 2=0.013, b 3=-0.001 | 0.365* | 68 | ||
| c 1=0.411, c 2=0.410, c 3=-316.650 | 0.084 | 64 | c 1=0.358, c 2=0.362, c 3=-577.869 | 0.020 | 68 | ||
| 泡泡刺 | a 1=1.315, a 2=-0.247 | 0.630* | 64 | a 1=1.352, a 2=0.891 | 0.770* | 68 | |
| b 1=3.960, b 2=-0.180, b 3=0.002 | 0.684* | 64 | b 1=1.199, b 2=-0.027, b 3=-0.001 | 0.766* | 68 | ||
| c 1=0.243, c 2=0.239, c 3=-141.822 | 0.092* | 64 | c 1=0.627, c 2=0.173, c 3=245.925 | 0.214* | 68 | ||
| 沙拐枣 | a 1=2.768, a 2=2.516 | 0.529* | 64 | a 1=2.327, a 2=2.770 | 0.543* | 68 | |
| b 1=1.922, b 2=-0.073, b 3=0.001 | 0.449* | 64 | b 1=-0.532, b 2=0.088, b 3=-0.002 | 0.476* | 68 | ||
| c 1=0.141, c 2=0.388, c 3=434.012 | 0.012 | 64 | c 1=0.384, c 2=0.377, c 3=-315.311 | 0.080 | 68 | ||
*表示显著相关(P<0.05) |
图2 降雨前后3种灌木气孔导度(gs)与饱和水汽压差(VPD) (a~c)、 气温(T) (d~f)和光合有效辐射(PAR) (g~i)的关系Fig.2 Relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) (a~c)、 air temperature (T) (d~f) and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) (g~i) of the three desert shrubs prior to and following rainfall |
3.3 气孔导度与叶片水势的关系
表3 气孔导度响应叶水势的函数表达式及决定系数Table 3 Fitting functions and determining coefficients of stomatal conductance response to leaf water potential |
| 植物种类 | 响应函数 | 降雨前 | 降雨后 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 参数 | R 2 | n | 参数 | R 2 | n | ||
| 梭梭 | 0.332* | 42 | 0.385* | 68 | |||
| 泡泡刺 | 0.627* | 42 | 0.548* | 68 | |||
| 沙拐枣 | 0.472* | 42 | 0.353* | 68 | |||
*表示显著相关(P<0.05) |
3.4 不同荒漠植物气孔导度对环境因子和叶片水势的综合响应
表4 气孔导度模型表达式及决定系数Table 4 Fitting functions of stomatal conductance and their coefficients of determination |
| 植物种类 | 模型表达式 | 外界环境 | 2020年 | 2019年 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R 2 | n | R 2 | n | |||
| 梭梭 | 降雨前 | 0.625* | 63 | 0.479* | 90 | |
| 降雨后 | 0.722* | 65 | 0.646* | 72 | ||
| 泡泡刺 | 降雨前 | 0.747* | 63 | 0.827* | 90 | |
| 降雨后 | 0.858* | 65 | 0.682* | 72 | ||
| 沙拐枣 | 降雨前 | 0.689* | 63 | 0.669* | 90 | |
| 降雨后 | 0.674* | 65 | 0.651* | 72 | ||
*表示显著相关(P<0.05), 2020年实测数据对模型率定, 2019年实测数据对模型验证 |
3.5 气孔导度和VPD对蒸腾的调控作用
图5 蒸腾速率(Tr)与气孔导度(gs) (a~c)和饱和水汽压差(VPD) (d~f)的关系Fig.5 Relationship between transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (gs) (a~c) and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) (d~f) |
表5 蒸腾速率( Tr)与气孔导度( gs)和饱和水汽压差(VPD)的函数表达式及决定系数Table 5 Fitting functions and determining coefficients of transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (gs) and Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) |
| 植物种类 | 响应函数 | 时间 | 参数 | R 2 | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 梭梭 | 07:00 -12:00 | 0.221* | 77 | ||
| 12:00 -19:00 | 0.807* | 69 | |||
| 07:00 -12:00 | 0.817* | 77 | |||
| 12:00 -19:00 | 0.662* | 69 | |||
| 泡泡刺 | 07:00 -12:00 | 0.212* | 77 | ||
| 12:00 -19:00 | 0.516* | 69 | |||
| 07:00 -12:00 | 0.631* | 77 | |||
| 12:00 -19:00 | 0.724* | 69 | |||
| 沙拐枣 | 07:00 -12:00 | 0.231* | 77 | ||
| 12:00 -19:00 | 0.680* | 69 | |||
| 07:00 -12:00 | 0.654* | 77 | |||
| 12:00 -19:00 | 0.637* | 69 |
*表示显著相关(P<0.05) |