1 引言
2 资料选取和方法介绍
2.1 资料选取
2.2 方法介绍
3 云南极端低温事件的时空变化特征
3.1 年际变化
3.2 频次分布和季节变化
3.3 区域特征
4 大气环流异常与云南冬半年极端低温事件活动的关系
4.1 深秋云南极端低温事件与大气环流异常
图6 1961 -2019年云南深秋11月区域性极端低温事件发生频次与同期500 hPa高度场(等值线)和风场(矢量)回归(阴影区和绿色箭头表示通过95%的信度检验)(a)及同期I hgt与云南11月站点气温的相关(小于-0.25的区域通过95%的信度检验)(b)Fig.6 The regression of frequency about Yunnan RELTE and geopotential height (contour) or wind (vector) at 500 hPa in November during 1961 -2019 (shaded areas and green vectors indicate significance at 95% confidence level)(a).The correlation coefficient between the I hgt and the temperature in Yunnan in November (areas less than -0.25 indicate significance at 95% confidence level) (b) |
图7 11月850 hPa温度平流(填色, 单位: ×10-7 K·s-1)与风速(矢量, 单位: m·s-1)合成(a)(打点区与蓝线区分别表示风矢量和温度平流通过95%信度检验)及300 hPa高度距平(等值线, 单位: hPa)、 T-N波通量(矢量, 单位: m2·s-2)与东半球涡度(绿色等值线, 单位: ×10-5 m·s-1)合成(b)阴影区和红箭头表示高度场和T-N波通量通过95%信度检验 Fig.7 The composite of anomalous temperature advection (filled areas, unit: ×10-7 K·s-1) and wind of 850 hPa in November(vector, unit: m·s-1)(a) (The dotted area and the blue line area are significant at the 95% confidence level about the wind vector and temperature advection respectively).The composition about geopotential height anomaly (linea, unit: hPa)、 T-N wave activity fluxes (vector, unit: m2·s-2) and vorticity (green linea, unit: ×10-5 m·s-1) of 300 hPa about Eastern Hemisphere in November (b).The shaded areas and the red arrows indicate geopotential height and T-N wave activity fluxes significance at 95% confidence level espectively |
4.2 冬季云南极端低温事件与大气环流异常
图8 1961 -2019年云南冬季区域性极端低温事件发生频次与同期500 hPa高度场(等值线)和风场(矢量)回归(阴影区和绿色箭头表示通过95%的信度检验)(a)及同期I hgt与云南冬季站点气温的相关(小于-0.25的区域通过95%的信度检验)(b)Fig.8 The regression of frequency about Yunnan RELTE and geopotential height (contour) or wind (vector) at 500 hPa in Winter during 1961 -2019(shaded areas and green vectors indicate significance at 95% confidence level) (a).The correlation coefficient between the I hgt and the winter temperature in Yunnan (areas less than -0.25 indicate significance at 95% confidence level) (b) |
图9 冬季850 hPa温度平流(填色, 单位: ×10-7 K·s-1)与风速(矢量, 单位: m·s-1)合成(a)(打点区与蓝线区分别表示风矢量和温度平流通过95%信度检验)及2月份300 hPa高度距平(等值线, 单位: hPa)、 T-N波通量(矢量, 单位: m2·s-2)与东半球涡度(绿色等值线, 单位: ×10-5 m·s-1)合成(b)阴影区和红箭头表示高度场和T-N波通量通过95%信度检验Fig.9 The composite of anomalous temperature advection (filled areas, unit: ×10-7 K·s-1) and wind of 850hPa in Winter (vector, unit: m·s-1)(a) (The dotted area and the blue line area are significant at the 95% confidence level about the wind vector and temperature advection respectively).The composition about geopotential height anomaly (linea, unit: hPa)、 T-N wave activity fluxes (vector, unit: m2·s-2) and vorticity (green linea, unit: ×10-5 m·s-1) of 300 hPa about Eastern Hemisphere in February (b).The shaded areas and the red arrows indicate geopotential height and T-N wave activity fluxes significance at 95% confidence level espectively |
4.3 初春云南极端低温事件与大气环流异常
图10 1962 -2020年云南初春3 -4月区域性极端低温事件发生频次与同期500 hPa高度场(等值线)和风场(矢量)回归(阴影区和绿色箭头表示通过95%的信度检验)(a)及同期I hgt与云南3 -4月站点气温的相关(小于-0.25的区域通过95%的信度检验)(b)Fig.10 The regression of frequency about Yunnan RELTE and geopotential height (contour) or wind (vector) at 500 hPa in Early Spring during 1962 -2020 (shaded areas and green vectors indicate significance at 95% confidence level)(a).The correlation coefficient between the Ihgt and the temperature of Yunnan in early spring (areas less than -0.25 indicate significance at 95% confidence level) (b) |
图11 初春850 hPa温度平流(填色, 单位: ×10-7 K·s-1)与风向(矢量, 单位: m·s-1)合成(a)(打点区与蓝线区分别表示风矢量和温度平流通过95%信度检验)及3月300 hPa高度距平(等值线, 单位: hPa)、 T-N波通量(矢量, 单位: m2·s-2)与东半球涡度(绿色等值线, 单位: ×10-5 m·s-1)合成(b)阴影区和红箭头表示高度场和T-N波通量通过95%信度检验Fig.11 The composite of anomalous temperature advection (filled areas, unit: ×10-7 K·s-1) and wind of 850 hPa in Early Spring (vector, unit: m·s-1)(a) (The dotted area and the blue line area are significant at the 95% confidence level about the wind vector and temperature advection respectively).The composition about geopotential height anomaly (linea, unit: hPa)、 T-N wave activity fluxes (vector, unit: m2·s-2) and vorticity (green linea, unit: ×10-5 m·s-1) of 300 hPa about Eastern Hemisphere in March (b).The shaded areas and the red arrows indicate geopotential height and T-N wave activity fluxes significance at 95% confidence level espectively |