1 引言
2 资料来源和方法介绍
3 结果分析
3.1 暴雨日数
图1 1971 -2020年南疆东风急流暴雨日数和非东风急流暴雨日数及二者占总暴雨日数比例的年际分布特征Fig.1 The interannual variation of the number of heavy rain days accompanied by low level easterly jet and without low level easterly jet in southern Xinjiang during 1971 -2020, and the interannual distribution characteristics of the proportion of the two to the total heavy rain days |
图2 南疆东风急流暴雨日数(a)和非东风急流暴雨日数(b)及二者占总暴雨日数比例的月分布特征Fig.2 The monthly variation of the number of heavy rain days accompanied by low level easterly jet (a) and the number of heavy rain days without low level easterly jet (b) in southern Xinjiang during 1971 -2020, and the monthly distribution characteristics of the proportion of the two to the total heavy rain days |
图3 南疆东风急流暴雨日数(a)和非东风急流暴雨日数(b)及二者占总暴雨日数比例的年代际分布特征Fig.3 The interdecadal variation of the number of heavy rain days accompanied by low level easterly jet (a) and the number of heavy rain days without low level easterly jet (b) in southern Xinjiang during 1971 -2020, and the interdecadal distribution characteristics of the proportion of the two to the total heavy rain days |
3.2 空间分布
图4 1971 -2020年南疆各站累计东风急流暴雨日数和非东风急流暴雨日数(单位: d)及二者占总暴雨日数比例(单位: %)的空间分布Fig.4 Spatial distribution of the number of heavy rain days accompanied by easterly low level jet and without easterly low level jet (unit: d) in southern Xinjiang during 1971 -2020, and the spatial distribution of the proportion of the two to the total number of heavy rain days (unit: %) |
3.3 短时强降水事件出现的比例
表1 短时强降水事件在南疆东风暴雨和非东风急流暴雨中的出现比例Table 1 The proportion of the occurrence of short-term heavy precipitation events in the rainstorm accompanied by the easterly low level jet and the rainstorm without the easterly low level jet in southern Xinjiang |
| 暴雨类型 | 总暴雨日数/d | 短时强降水暴雨日数/d | 百分比/% | 总暴雨站次/次 | 短时强降水暴雨站次/次 | 百分比/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 东风急流暴雨 | 34 | 17 | 50.0 | 54 | 25 | 46.3 |
| 非东风急流暴雨 | 28 | 22 | 78.6 | 30 | 24 | 80.0 |
3.4 平均降水时数
3.5 昼夜分布特征
3.6 降水日变化特征
3.7 南疆东风急流暴雨和非东风急流暴雨与天气系统的关系
表2 南疆东风急流暴雨和非东风急流暴雨与天气系统的关系Table 2 The relationship between the different types of rainstrom and synoptic systems over the southern Xinjiang |
| 影响系统 | 类型 | 总暴雨 | 东风急流暴雨 | 非东风急流暴雨 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 个例数 | 百分比 | 个例数 | 百分比 | 个例数 | 百分比 | ||||
| 100 hPa 南亚高压 | 双体型 | 56 | 22.8% | 29 | 24.0% | 27 | 21.6% | ||
| 青藏高压型 | 77 | 31.3% | 51 | 42.1% | 26 | 20.8% | |||
| 伊朗高压型 | 44 | 17.9% | 14 | 11.6% | 30 | 24.0% | |||
| 带状型 | 69 | 28.0% | 27 | 22.3% | 42 | 33.6% | |||
| 500 hPa 影响系统 | 中亚低槽 | 148 | 60.2% | 75 | 62.0% | 73 | 58.4% | ||
| 中亚低涡 | 71 | 28.9% | 37 | 30.6% | 34 | 27.2% | |||
| 弱短波 | 27 | 11.0% | 9 | 7.4% | 18 | 14.4% | |||