1 引言
2 资料和方法
2.1 设备和资料
2.2 数据处理和质量控制方法
2.3 天气系统统计
3 云-降水的宏观特征对比
图4 两类天气影响下云底高度(CBH)、 云顶高度(CTH)和云厚度(CTK)的箱线图(a)和云层数(CLN)的占比柱状图(b)Fig.4 Boxplots of cloud base height (CBH), cloud top height (CTH), and cloud thickness (CTK) (a) and occurrence histograms of cloud layer number (CLN) (b) of two synoptic systems |
表1 两类天气影响下云底高度(CBH)、 云顶高度(CTH)和云层厚度(CTK)的分位数对应的高度和平均值Table 1 The heights corresponding to each percentiles and averages of cloud base height (CBH), cloud top height (CTH), and cloud thickness (CTK) of two synoptic systems |
| 云宏观参数 | 天气系统 | 分位数对应的高度和平均值/km | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 95% | 平均值 | ||
| 云底高度(CBH) | 低涡 | 0.69 | 1.62 | 2.67 | 4.65 | 6.69 | 3.18 |
| 切变线 | 0.75 | 1.71 | 2.46 | 3.84 | 6.24 | 2.88 | |
| 云顶高度(CTH) | 低涡 | 1.47 | 3.09 | 4.47 | 6.63 | 9.27 | 4.86 |
| 切变线 | 1.35 | 2.88 | 4.20 | 5.91 | 8.55 | 4.48 | |
| 云层厚度(CTK) | 低涡 | 0.60 | 1.14 | 2.25 | 4.14 | 7.68 | 2.96 |
| 切变线 | 0.60 | 1.08 | 2.13 | 3.72 | 7.26 | 2.74 | |
图5 两类天气影响下Ka-CR观测的Z (a, d)、 Vr (b, e)和W (c, f)随高度二维概率分布图从左到右的5条虚线分别代表5%、 25%、 50%、 75%和95%分位数 Fig.5 Two-dimensional probability distributions of reflectivity factor Z (a, d), radial velocity Vr (b, e), and spectral width W (c, f) observed by the Ka-CR for cloud-precipitation of two synoptic systems.In subgraphs, the five dashed lines from left to right represent the 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 95% percentiles, respectively |
图6 两类天气影响下K-MRR观测的Z (a, c)和Vr (b, d)随高度二维概率分布图从左到右的5条虚线分别代表5%、 25%、 50%、 75%和95%分位数 Fig.6 Two-dimensional probability distributions of reflectivity factor Z (a, c) and radial velocity Vr (b, d)observed by the K-MRR for cloud-precipitation of two synoptic systems.In subgraphs, the five dashed lines from left to right represent the 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 95% percentiles, respectively |
4 不同高度的雨滴谱特征和差异
图7 两类天气系统影响下个例平均(a, b)和整体平均的雨滴谱(c)及平均雨滴谱的差值(d)Fig.7 Averaged rain drop size distribution (a, b), their comparisons (c) and absolute values of their differences (d) of two synoptic systems |
表2 两类天气系统下平均雨滴谱计算的其他降水物理量和谱型参数Table 2 Integrated quantities and Gamma parameters of averaged DSDs of two synoptic systems |
| 天气系统 | 降水物理量和Gamma参数 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NT /(m-3) | Z/dBZ | Dm /mm | lg(Nw )/(m-3 ∙mm-1) | R /(mm∙h-1) | μ | Λ /(mm-1) | |
| 低涡 | 225.9 | 29.22 | 1.33 | 3.27 | 5.2 | 0.41 | 3.31 |
| 切变线 | 232.3 | 27.45 | 1.22 | 3.38 | 4.94 | 1.01 | 4.11 |