青藏高原周边地区持续性暴雨特征分析

何光碧;曾波;郁淑华;张虹娇;陈永仁

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高原气象
高原气象 ›› 2016, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4) : 865-874. DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00081
论文

青藏高原周边地区持续性暴雨特征分析

  • 何光碧;曾波;郁淑华;张虹娇;陈永仁
作者信息 +

Analysis of Durative Rainstorm Characteristics Occurred in the Ambient Area of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

  • HE Guangbi;ZENG Bo;YU Shuhua;ZHANG Hongjiao;CHEN Yongren
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摘要

长江上游的暴雨是造成该区域和长江中下游洪涝的主要因子，研究长江上游的青藏高原周边地区持续性暴雨特征对防灾减灾有着重要意义。应用历史天气图资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和国家气象信息中心提供的气候整编降水资料，采用统计和天气学方法，分析了1961-2011年青藏高原周边地区持续性暴雨特征。研究表明，青藏高原周边地区局地持续性暴雨通常持续3～4天，持续时间最长的暴雨发生在湖北武汉，为10天。整体上，高原地区较周边地区暴雨发生率相对低，局地持续性暴雨有4个降水高频中心，西藏东南部降水高频中心的波密发生频次最高，为15次；四川西部至中东部暴雨高频区持续性暴雨发生范围最广；另2个高频区为云南南端及湖北中东部地区。青藏高原东侧的西南地区区域持续性暴雨以持续3天为主，7月发生频率最高，21世纪以来，暴雨中心有向东移动的趋势。通常持续性暴雨过程伴随高原低值系统活动，其中西南低涡是最主要的影响系统。

Abstract

Durative rainstorm is the main cause bringing about disasters such as flood, landslip and mud-rock flow. Southwestern China and southeast of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is one of the districts where the annual averaged rainfall duration is the longest, and also summer averaged rainfall duration is the longest. The artical is aimed at local and regional durative rainstorm over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surrounding areas. First rainfall duration standards are given, then the characteristics of two kinds of durative rainstorm, and the relation between regional durative rainstorm and the activities of the plateau low systems are analyzed. Based on the precipitation data provided by National Meteorological Information Center, historical weather charts and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data, the statistical and synoptical method are used to analyze the characteristics of persistence rainstorm and the plateau low systems going with the rainstorm over the Plateau and its surrounding areas during the period of 1961-2011. The result shows that local persistence rainstorm usually lasts for 3~4 days over the Plateau and its surrounding areas, the longest rainstorm occurs in Wuhan, Hubei province, it lasts for 10 days. The occurrence of rainstorm in the surrounding areas of plateau is lower than it over the plateau, there are 4 high frequency occurrence center of rainstorm, the frequency of rainstorm is highest in Bomi, Xizang province, the rainstorm occurs 15 times. The high frequency of rainstorm from western to mid-eastern Sichuan has the widest range. The other two high frequency area are southern Yunnan and mid-eastern Hubei. The regional persistence rainstorm in the east of Plateau lasts for 3 days, it occurs frequently in July, since 21 century, the center of rainstorm has the tendency of moving eastward. Usually, the persistence rainstorm is accompanied by the Plateau low systems of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau vortex, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau shear line and the southwest vortex which is the most important effect system.

关键词

青藏高原周边地区 / 持续性暴雨 / 暴雨发生率 / 高原低值系统

Key words

Qinghai-Xizang Plate / Durative rainstorm / Rainstorm occurring / The plateau low syst

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何光碧;曾波;郁淑华;张虹娇;陈永仁. 青藏高原周边地区持续性暴雨特征分析. 高原气象. 2016, 35(4): 865-874 https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00081
何光碧;曾波;郁淑华;张虹娇;陈永仁. Analysis of Durative Rainstorm Characteristics Occurred in the Ambient Area of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Plateau Meteorology. 2016, 35(4): 865-874 https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00081

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基金

国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目（2012CB417202）；国家自然科学基金项目（91337215，40775032）
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