三江源腹地玉树地区动态融雪过程及其与气温关系分析

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00001

高原气象

2018, Vol. 37

Issue (4): 936-945 DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00001

论文

三江源腹地玉树地区动态融雪过程及其与气温关系分析

张娟^1,2, 徐维新³, 王力¹, 周华坤⁴

1. 青海省气象科学研究所, 青海西宁 810001;
2. 青海省防灾减灾重点实验室, 青海西宁 810001;
3. 成都信息工程大学, 四川成都 610225;
4. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008

Dynamic Snow Melting Process and Its Relationship with Air Temperature in the Hinterland of Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

ZHANG Juan^1,2, XU Weixin³, WANG Li¹, ZHOU Huakun⁴

1. Meteorological Instutute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China;
2. Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China;
3. Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, Sichuan, China;
4. laboratory of cold recovery ecology of Qinghai province, Northwest Plateau Institute of biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China

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摘要： 利用位于三江源腹地的玉树州隆宝自然保护区野外雪深自动观测站2013/2014年冬季每30 min积雪深度与同步气温数据，对发生在2014年2月的较大降雪过程的动态融雪过程及其同步气温进行了研究分析。结果表明，玉树隆宝地区融雪过程总体表现为"先慢后快"的变化特征，积雪在10 cm以上时融雪过程相对缓慢，在10 cm以下时，积雪加速消融，积雪越薄，融雪越快；在融雪期内，雪深快速下降分别发生在10：00（北京时，下同）-11：00与14：00-15：30；气温与雪深变化关系紧密，09：00以前，雪深的下降与气温的关系不明显，09：00以后气温开始对雪深的变化产生比较明显地影响，这种相关性在10：00后明显增强，热量条件对积雪消融的影响自10：30一直持续到18：00；相对而言，13：00-14：00气温对日积雪消融的贡献最大。超前滞后关系分析表明，融雪期之前240 min之内的气温都将显著影响到积雪雪深的变化；玉树隆宝地区积雪在气温-12℃时仍有积雪深度下降的现象发生，正变温对积雪消融更有利。

关键词： 三江源; 积雪; 融雪; 气温

Abstract: The data of 30 mins snow depth and air temperature in winter half year during 2013 to 2014 derived from the field automatic observing site in the hinterland of the Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were used in this study. We mainly analyzed the relationship between snow depth and air temperature in the time level of half hour based on one long snow melting period with 16 days in this area from 21 February to 1 March in 2014. The melting process of snow in this area is characterized by slow first and fast later. It was found that snow melting is slow while snow depth above on 10 cm, but it was changed obviously when snow depth is less than 10 cm and snow depth melting will more remarkable along with more low snow depth. During the snowmelt period, the snow depth drops rapidly at 10:00 (Beijing time, the same as after) -11:00 and 14:00-15:30. In this area, the relationship between snow depth and air temperature show a weak correlation before 9:00, the correlation becomes obvious after 9:00 and it is gradually stronger after 10:00 until 18:00. The time from 13:00 to 14:00 is a main period contribute to snow melt in a day. The advance lag analysis showed that the temperature within 240 mins before the melting period would significantly influence the change of snow depth. We found that the decrease of snow depth can be observed even though at -12℃ in this area.

Key words: Sanjiangyuan snow snow melting temperature

收稿日期: 2017-08-31 出版日期: 2019-02-26

P426.63+3

基金资助: 青海省科技厅重点研发与转化项目（2017-SF-131）；国家公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201306054）；国家自然科学基金项目（31560671）；青海省创新平台建设专项（2017-ZJ-Y20）

通讯作者: 徐维新(1973-),男,青海乐都人,高级工程师,主要从事高寒草地生态环境监测评估研究.E-mail:weixin.xu@163.com E-mail: weixin.xu@163.com

作者简介: 张娟(1979-),女,河北保定人,高级工程师,主要从事气候变化及其影响与积雪观测.E-mail:7845944@qq.com

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引用本文:

张娟, 徐维新, 王力, 周华坤. 三江源腹地玉树地区动态融雪过程及其与气温关系分析[J]. 高原气象, 2018, 37(4): 936-945.

ZHANG Juan, XU Weixin, WANG Li, ZHOU Huakun. Dynamic Snow Melting Process and Its Relationship with Air Temperature in the Hinterland of Sanjiangyuan Region in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Plateau Meteorology, 2018, 37(4): 936-945.

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http://www.gyqx.ac.cn/CN/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2018.00001 或 http://www.gyqx.ac.cn/CN/Y2018/V37/I4/936

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