基于欧洲中期天气预报中心的43年（1979 -2021年）再分析资料和美国国家航空航天局的42年（1980 -2021年）全球再分析资料两种臭氧浓度数据， 并结合南亚高压、 平均海表温度和环流场资料， 研究青藏高原上空的上对流层下平流层区域（Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere， UTLS）臭氧时空分布以及臭氧谷双心结构形成机制。夏季青藏高原上空发生臭氧损耗， 又称青藏高原臭氧谷， 呈双心结构。研究表明， 典型厄尔尼诺对于青藏高原UTLS区域臭氧损耗有促进作用； 典型拉尼娜影响则相反， 臭氧损耗减弱。厄尔尼诺气候影响下， 次年西太平洋海温异常负值， 在200 hPa高度上形成罗斯贝波向西输送至印度洋， 最后加强青藏高原背后的孟加拉湾槽， 使得低层气流辐合上升， 风场转移空气从对流层到平流层下层， 同时南压高压加强， 所控制的范围臭氧柱总量纬向偏差（TCO^*）较多年异常偏小， 臭氧含量减少。相比之下， 在拉尼娜气候影响下， 西太平洋海表异常升温， 最后使得青藏高原上空气流下沉， 风场从平流层吹向对流层， 南压高压减弱导致TCO^*值较多年异常偏大， 臭氧含量增加。因此， 厄尔尼诺会加强对青藏高原上空臭氧的影响， 而拉尼娜会减弱对青藏高原上空臭氧的影响。

Based on two ozone concentration data sets from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF） 43a （from 1979 to 2021） and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA） 42a （from 1980 to 2021）， combined with high pressure， mean sea surface temperature， and circulation field data from South Asia， this study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of ozone in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere （UTLS） over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau （QXP）.The study found that ozone depletion occurs over the QXP in summer， forming a bicentric structure known as the QXP Ozone Valley.The study also shows that typical El Ni?o events contribute to ozone depletion in the UTLS region over the QXP， while typical La Ni?a events have the opposite effect， weakening ozone depletion.Under the influence of El Ni?o， a negative sea surface temperature （SST） anomaly forms in the western Pacific Ocean， generating a Rossby wave at 200 hPa height that transports westward to the Indian Ocean.This strengthens the Bay of Bengal trough behind the QXP， causing lower airflow to converge and rise， shifting air from the troposphere to the lower stratosphere.At the same time， southward pressure and high pressure strengthen， resulting in a smaller Total Column Ozone （TCO*） zonal deviation than the multi-year anomaly and a decrease in ozone content.In contrast， under the influence of La Ni?a， anomalous warming of the sea surface in the western Pacific Ocean causes air flow over the QXP to sink and wind field to blow from the stratosphere to the troposphere.The weakening of southern pressure high pressure leads to a larger TCO* value than the multi-year anomaly and an increase in ozone content.Therefore， El Ni?o enhances ozone depletion over the QXP， while La Ni?a weakens it.