本文利用葛州坝、唐乃亥的月平均径流量资料分析了长江、黄河的径流量时变特征。结果表明：葛州坝和唐乃亥的径流量存在明显的丰、枯交替的周期性变化,但葛州坝、唐乃亥的周期性变化各有所不同。唐乃亥径流量存在7.4年和18.5年的显著周期,而葛州坝径流量存在15.14年和7.07年的显著周期;唐乃亥径流量的持续(距平符号不变)时间较葛州坝径流量的持续时间长,而葛州坝径流量月变率比唐乃亥的月变率小;葛州坝的多年月平均值呈单位型,而唐乃亥径流量的多年月平均值呈双峰型。这种双峰型与西太平洋副热带高压的活动密切相关。最后,通过分析唐乃亥径流量与前期地温场的关系发现,丰水段与前期高地温对应,枯水段和前期低地温对应。

Based on monthly mean flow-off data at Tang Naihai and Ge Zhouba . the characteristics of the temporal variations of flow off are analysed. The results indicate that there are periodic variations of high flow and low flow, and there are different characteristics in different places. At Tang Naihai, there are the dominant periods of 7.4 and 18.5 years, and there are the dominant periods of 15. 14 and 7.07 years at Ge Zhouba. The duration of flow-off departure (the signs of departure are same) at Tang Naibai is longer than that at Ge Zhouba, the monthly variability of the flow-off atTang Naibai is larger than that at Ge Zhouba.The monthly variations of multi-years mean flow-off are a single peak characteristic at Ge Zhouba, but at Tang Naihai, the monthly variations of multi-years mean Dow-off are double peaks, the double peak characteristic at Tang Naihai is related to the movement of the West Pacific Subtropical High. At last, the relationship between the flow-off at Tang Naihai and the departure of sod temperature of the area are also analysed, it is found that high flow years correspond to high Soil temperature, and low now years correspond to low soil temperature.