利用在藏北高原五道梁所取得的1993年9月-1994年8月地面向上长波辐射、大气逆辐射观测资料,结合1982年8月-1983年7月青藏高原热源考察期间在4个测点所取得的长波辐射观测资料和1979年5-8月青藏高原气象科学实验期间的辐射观测资料以及HEIFE辐射观测资料,分析研究了高原地区地面向上长波辐射、大气逆辐射和地面有效辐射的特征。结果表明:高原地区由于大气逆辐射较小,造成地面有效辐射比平原地区大;高原西部地面有效辐射的年变化为夏季大冬季小,东部为冬季大夏季小,而北部则是春、秋季大,冬、夏季小;高原地区地表有效辐射在地表辐射平衡中的作用超过地表反射率。

In this paper, characteristics of the upward, downward longwave radiation and surface effective radiation over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are analysed by using the upward and downward longwave radiation data observed at Wudaoliang in the northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from September 1993 to August 1994, the longwave radiation data observed at Lhasa, Nagqu, Gerze and Garze stations in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from August 1982 to July 1983, the longwave radiation data in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meterorological Experiment (QXPMEX)from May to August 1979 and radiation data in HEIFE of 1991.The result s show that over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the surface effective radiation is larger than that over the plain because the downward longwave radiation is small.The annual variation of surface effective radiation is large in summer and small in w inter over the western Plateau, large in w inter and small in summer over the eastern Plateau, large in spring and autumn and small in w inter and summer over the northern Plateau.The role of surface effective radiation in the surface radiation balance is larger than the surface abledo over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.