选用中国185个常规气象观测站,从建站~2000年历年沙尘暴日数资料,分析了近50年来中国北方沙尘暴的气候特征及其对青藏高原地面感热异常的响应。结果表明:虽然单个沙尘暴过程具有一定的区域特征,但年沙尘暴日数具有较好的空间一致性,在空间上有5个自然尘源区,即河西走廊、南疆盆地南缘、阿拉善高原、鄂尔多斯高原和浑善达克沙地等沙尘暴高发区。比较近50年来中国沙尘暴日数的年代际变化,总体趋势在减少,20世纪90年代是近5个年代中最少的。但20世纪末至21世纪初,中国沙尘暴日数有明显的回升趋势。进一步研究表明,中国沙尘暴与春季青藏高原地面感热关系密切,当春季青藏高原地面感热呈EOF1模态时,当年中国北方沙尘暴日数明显较常年偏多。

185 conventional meteorology observation stations data of the annual sand-dust storm days from beginning to 2000 were selected,and then the climatic characteristics of sand-dust storm in northern China and its response to the abnormal sensible heat of surface over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in the spring of recent 50 years were analyzed.The results show that the sand-dust storm days have a better spatial coherence in general.There are five sand-dust sources in Gansu corridor,southern rim of south Xinjiang basin,Alxa plateau,Eerduosi plateau and Hunshandake sandlot.By comparing with the interdecade variability of the sand-dust storm days in recent 50 years of China,the negative trend is found.The numbers of sand-dust storm days in 1990's are the least during the recent 5 decades.From the end of 20 century to the beginning of 21 century,the sand-dust storm days have an obvious increasing trend in China.The further research shows that the sand-dust storm days in China have well relation with the surface sensible heat in spring of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.When the EOF1 mode of the surface sensible heat over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in spring occurs,the sand-dust storm days in northern China is obviously more than normal year.