内蒙古科尔沁沙地起沙近地层动力学阈值的试验研究

李晓岚;张宏升

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高原气象
高原气象 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1) : 38-46.
论文

内蒙古科尔沁沙地起沙近地层动力学阈值的试验研究

  • 李晓岚;张宏升
作者信息 +

Study on the Threshold Friction Velocity of Dust Emission in Horqin Sand Land Area in the Inner Mongolia

  • LI Xiao-Lan;ZHANG Hong-Sheng
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摘要

利用内蒙古科尔沁沙地沙尘暴探测与监测试验站2008年和2009年春季沙尘和近地层观测资料， 研究了不同沙尘天气条件下沙尘浓度随摩擦速度的变化规律， 对比分析了不同天气（晴天、 扬沙、 沙尘暴和强沙尘暴）入射短波辐射和净辐射的演变， 并利用两层高度沙尘浓度差， 区分局地起沙和非局地起沙， 有效地避免了沙尘水平输送引起的起沙阈值的低估。结果表明, 起沙前， 摩擦速度和沙尘浓度数值都较低； 临近起沙阶段， 摩擦速度迅速增大而沙尘浓度基本保持不变； 起沙时， 摩擦速度数值较高， 沙尘浓度迅速增大； 沙尘天气减弱阶段， 沙尘浓度随摩擦速度近似呈线性减小。科尔沁沙地春季临界起沙摩擦速度u*t和临界起沙风速ut分别为0.62 m·s-1和9.5 m·s-1， 扬沙、 沙尘暴和强沙尘暴天气的起沙阈值依次略有增加。与晴天天气相比， 沙尘天气到达地面的短波辐射和净辐射明显减少。
 

Abstract

Based onthe observations of dust concentration and micro-meteorological factors in the surface layer that were obtained from a duststorm station located in the Horqin sand land area in Inner Mongolia during the springsof 2008 and 2009, the variations in dust concentration and friction velocity during various dustevents wereinvestigated, and the evolution indownward short-waveradiation and net radiation for different dust weatherswere analyzed. Distinguishing local and non-local dust emission by using the dust concentration observations at two levels avoided an underestimation on dust emission thresholds. The resultsshowedthat the values of friction velocity u* and dust concentration were both low before dust emission,and u*  rapidly increased, while the values of dust concentration maintained smallduring the pre-emission stage. Then dust concentration quickly increased asu* was high duringthe dust emission stage, and dust concentration decreased nearly linearly with thedecreasing u* at the decay stage. The threshold friction velocity u*t and threshold velocity ut in the Horqin sand land area were estimated to be 0.62 and 9.5m·s-1, respectively. The thresholds slightly increased from blowing dust, dust storm to severe dust storm. In comparison with clear days, downward short-wave radiation and net radiation obviously decreased.

关键词

科尔沁沙地 / 沙尘天气 / 起沙 / 临界起沙摩擦速度 / 微气象学

Key words

Horqin sand land are / Duststorm / Dust emission / Threshold friction v / Micro-meteorology

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李晓岚;张宏升. 内蒙古科尔沁沙地起沙近地层动力学阈值的试验研究. 高原气象. 2012, 31(1): 38-46
李晓岚;张宏升. Study on the Threshold Friction Velocity of Dust Emission in Horqin Sand Land Area in the Inner Mongolia. Plateau Meteorology. 2012, 31(1): 38-46

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