青藏高原云和大气对被动微波遥感积雪雪深的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00050

高原气象

2018, Vol. 37

Issue (2): 305-316 DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00050

论文

青藏高原云和大气对被动微波遥感积雪雪深的影响

刘进军, 傅云飞, 李锐, 王雨, 符玉云, 胡继恒

中国科学技术大学地球和空间科学学院, 安徽合肥 230026

The Influence of Atmosphere to Passive Microwave Retrieval of Snow Depth over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

LIU Jinjun, FU Yunfei, LI Rui, WANG Yu, FU Yuyun, HU Jiheng

School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China

全文: PDF(10235 KB)

摘要： 利用AMSR-E（Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS）观测的2002-2011年青藏高原上空大气顶上行微波亮温（TB_TOA），经过辐射传输计算，对水汽和非降水云进行订正，推算出相应的高原地表上行亮温（TB_SRF）。并用这两组亮温估算了青藏高原地区的雪深SD_TOA和SD_SRF。通过个例和近10年统计研究发现，低频18.7 GHz亮温几乎不受影响，而大气顶处36.5 GHz亮温明显高于相应的地表亮温。不考虑这一效应，忽略大气的影响将造成青藏高原雪深反演低估（SD_TOA < SD_SRF）。这种低估在多个个例中出现，在多年平均尺度上也很显著，不可忽略。直接用大气顶微波亮温反演雪深，将造成绝对误差2~3 cm。在青藏高原雪深较浅的区域，相对误差很大，为50%~80%。而在高原雪深较深的地区，相对误差较小为10%~20%。该误差（SD_TOA-SD_SRF）和云水路径呈较强的负相关（R=-0.45），敏感性为-0.047 cm·（g·m^-2）^-1，该误差对冰云的敏感性较低，和水汽的相关性更弱。通过与MODIS雪盖产品比较发现，用地表出射亮温反演的雪深SD_SRF与MODIS雪盖产品吻合得更好。

关键词： 青藏高原; 微波遥感; 雪深; 大气效应

Abstract: The microwave at low and moderate frequencies (e. g., 18.7 and 36.5 GHz) has good transmittance through the atmosphere, therefor in most algorithms for satellite passive microwave (PMW) remote sensing snow parameters, ignoring the effect of atmosphere and the upwelling microwave brightness temperature at the top of atmosphere (TOA) were directly used to retrieve snow parameters on ground. There are few systematic analysis on the errors introduced by ignoring atmosphere effects. In this paper, we investigated the influences of atmosphere to the PMW retrieval of snow depth over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). We used the upwelling brightness temperature on TOA (TB_TOA) measured by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) as the main input data. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud product (MYD06_L2) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) FNL reanalysis data (including atmosphere water vapor, atmosphere component and land surface temperature) were used as the ancillary data. The effect of water vapor and non-rainy cloud were corrected and the upwelling brightness temperature at the plateau surface (TB_SRF) were derived based on microwave radiation transfer model (MWRT) calculation. We then estimated the snow depths of SD_TOA and SD_SRF over QTP using these two TBs, respectively. By comparing the two TBs and two SDs, the effect of atmosphere and cloud on PMW remote sensing snow depth were investigated. Through case analysis and nearly 10 years of statistics, we found that:the atmosphere effect on TBs at low frequency microwave 18.7 GHz is weak while TB_TOA at 36.5 GHz are significantly warmer than TB_SRF. Without considering such effect, the snow depth over QTP would be underestimated (SD_TOA<SD_SRF). The underestimations are common in multiple cases and significant at multi-year mean scales, therefore should not be neglected. The absolute error (SD_TOA-SD_SRF) is approximately 2~3 cm. In the region with relative shallow snow, the relative error is up to 50%~80%. While in the region with relative deep snow, the relative error is 10%~20%. The error has strong negative correlation with liquid cloud water path (R=-0.45) with sensitivity of -0.047 cm·(g·m^-2)^-1. The error is not sensitive to ice cloud and even weaker to column water vapor. Snow extent retrieved from MODIS (MYD10CM product) has better correlation to SD_SRF than that to SD_TOA. This imply that corrections of the influence of atmosphere can improve the accuracy of satellite PMW retrieval of snow depth over QTP.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau microwave remote sensing snow depth atmosphere effect

收稿日期: 2017-03-01 出版日期: 2018-04-28

ZTFLH:

P412.27

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目（41675022，41375148，41661144007，41375030，91337213）；公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201306077）；中国科学院百人计划项目；江苏省气候变化协同创新中心项目；合肥物质研究院培育项目（2014FXZY007）

通讯作者: 傅云飞,E-mail:fyf@ustc.edu.cn;李锐,E-mail:rli7@ustc.edu.cn E-mail: fyf@ustc.edu.cn;rli7@ustc.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘进军(1991),男,湖南益阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事卫星遥感应用研究.E-mail:ljj7129@mail.ustc.edu.cn

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引用本文:

刘进军, 傅云飞, 李锐, 王雨, 符玉云, 胡继恒. 青藏高原云和大气对被动微波遥感积雪雪深的影响[J]. 高原气象, 2018, 37(2): 305-316.

LIU Jinjun, FU Yunfei, LI Rui, WANG Yu, FU Yuyun, HU Jiheng. The Influence of Atmosphere to Passive Microwave Retrieval of Snow Depth over Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Plateau Meteorology, 2018, 37(2): 305-316.

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http://www.gyqx.ac.cn/CN/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00050 或 http://www.gyqx.ac.cn/CN/Y2018/V37/I2/305

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