高原气象

高原气象 >

2014 , Vol. 33 >Issue 6: 1589 - 1598

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00153

论文

城市化对华北地区极端气温事件频率的影响

  • 周雅清 ,
  • 任国玉
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  • 山西省晋中市气象局, 晋中 030600;2. 中国气象局气候研究开放实验室/国家气候中心, 北京 100081

收稿日期: 2013-06-21

  网络出版日期: 2014-12-28

基金资助

公益性行业(气象)专项(GYHY201206012); 山西省科技攻关项目(20110311041); 山西省自然科学基金(2009011045-1)

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Urbanization Effect on Long-Term Trends of Extreme Temperature Events in North China

  • ZHOU Yaqing ,
  • REN Guoyu
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  • Jinzhong Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030600, China;2. Laboratory for Climate Studies, National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2013-06-21

  Online published: 2014-12-28

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摘要

通过分析和对比华北区域(33°N43°N, 108°E120°E)国家站和乡村站1961-2008年极端气温指数的变化趋势发现, 近48年与最低气温相关的指数的时间序列变化趋势国家站较乡村站明显, 与最高气温相关的指数两者时间演变基本一致。气温指数中冷指数突变一般发生在20世纪80年代末, 暖指数突变要晚一些, 出现在90年代中后期。城市化加剧了冷指数日数的减少和暖指数日数的增加, 同时也使最低气温的极值明显升高。与最低气温相关的指数城市化影响比与最高气温相关的更显著, 两者城市化影响贡献率都在50%以上。极值指数和冷夜日数城市化增温效应一般在春、冬季更明显, 而冷(暖)昼日数和暖夜日数则是夏季受城市化影响更显著。

关键词： 极端气温指数; 城市化影响; 最高气温; 最低气温

本文引用格式

周雅清 , 任国玉 . 城市化对华北地区极端气温事件频率的影响[J]. 高原气象, 2014 , 33(6) : 1589 -1598 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00153

Abstract

An analysis of urbanization effect on the long-term trends of extreme temperature events as observed from the national meteorological stations over North China is made in the period of 1961-2008. It is found that the minimum-related extreme temperature indices of both the national stations and the rural stations exhibit statistically significant trends, but those from the national stations are more significant. The abrupt shifts of the cold extreme temperature indices generally occur in 1980s, and those of the warm extreme temperature indices mostly occur in middle to late 1990s. Urbanization leads to significant decrease(increase) in days of cold(warm) extreme indices and significant increase in extreme values of minimum temperature for the national stations. More significant urbanization effects are registered for the extreme indices related to minimum temperature than for those related to maximum temperature, with the urbanization contributions for the formers all above 50%. Urbanization effects on trends of extreme value indices and cold nights are generally larger in spring and wintertime. Changes in cold(warm) days and warm nights due to urbanization, however, are more significant in summertime.

Key words： Extreme temperature; Urbanization effect; Maximum temperature; Minimum temperature

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