利用华东区域实况自动观测资料和全球预报系统的FNL再分析资料对一次爆发性气旋及其引发的大风天气进行诊断分析, 结果发现, 由高空急流调整导致叠加在气旋上空的中层辐散区, 中高层干冷空气伴随正涡度, 沿西北气流下传并在低层侵入气旋后部, 气旋前部850 hPa西南急流输送的暖湿气流和气旋西侧槽前西南急流输送的暖湿气流通过潜热释放共同促成气旋的爆发性发展; 同时在气旋发展初期, 高层高湿位涡区的向下传输, 也加速了气旋的快速发展。气旋第三象限的大风由动量下传触发强对流并形成大风叠加所致, 低层西北干冷气流切断低层的增湿, 使大风区降雨很弱。低层切变线与地面带状CAPE高值区重合, 该区域未来1~2 h将出现大风, 对预报有明显的指示意义。
An uncommon explosive cyclone as well as the gale process was studies. It is found that: The development of explosive cyclone attribute to the high-level divergence area caused by the upper jet adjustment superimposed on cyclone, the low-level vorticity transport accompanied by dry cold air next to the rear of cyclone, and the latent heat released by the 850 hPa southwest jet and the warm flows on west side of the cyclone. Meanwhile, high potential vorticity at the high level also promote the rapid development of the cyclone at the initial stage. The third quadrant of the cyclone gale pass by the momentum to trigger strong convection and the formation of the wind speed superimposed resulting in the gale. The low-level northwest air currents with off the water vapor source result in the rainfall decrease. The gale will appear at the area which overlap between shear line on low level and high convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the next 1~2 h. There has a significant indicating for prediction.
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