利用吐鲁番太阳能试验站实测数据, 结合气象站同期观测资料, 从斜面总辐射、法向直接辐射和散射辐射等3个方面分析了吐鲁番地区的可利用太阳能资源、变化特征及其可能原因。结果表明: 最佳倾斜面总辐射年曝辐量比纬度倾斜面高1.4%, 比水平面高23.16%, 两组相对差值存在着截然相反的季节变化; 法向直接辐射年曝辐量比水平面总辐射低17%, 两者的相对差值冬、春季大而夏、秋季小, 散射辐射年曝辐量占水平面总辐射的49%, 散射比和太阳高度角的年变化是影响上述两种太阳能资源变化的主要因素; 此外, 气象站周围建筑物的遮挡可能使其水平面总辐射年曝辐量减少8%, 而从气候平均态考虑, 本文所用实测年的水平面总辐射也比近30年平均值低8%。

Using the measured data for a year of solar energy test station in Turpan combined with observation data of the weather station over the same period, from three aspects of solar radiation on inclined surface, direct normal irradiation and diffuse horizontal radiation to analyze the available solar energy resources and their variation characteristics and the possible causes in Turpan area. The results show: the annual irradiation on inclined plane with optimal angle is 1.4% higher than the inclined surface with latitude angle, and 23.16% higher than the horizontal plane. And the two groups of relative difference are diametrically opposed in seasonal changes, the relevant conclusions can be used for analyzing and evaluating the solar energy resources of the fixed photovoltaic power plant. The annual direct normal irradiation is 17% lower than the global horizontal irradiation, the relative difference in winter and spring is larger than that in summer and autumn, and the conclusions can be used for analyzing and evaluating the solar energy resource of thermal power generation. The annual diffuse horizontal radiation takes 49% of the global horizontal irradiation, the diffuse ratio and annual variation of the solar elevation angle are two major factors that influence the changes of two solar energy resources; in addition, the annual global horizontal irradiation might decrease 8% by the shelter of the buildings surrounding the weather station. Considering the climate average state, the measured annual global horizontal irradiation in this paper is 8% lower than the average value in recent 30 years. This research is trying to explain the connections and differences between the ‘available resources’ of solar power generation project and ‘radiation elements’ in the meteorological field, so as to provide references for the solar power plant to carry out scientific and reasonable resources measuring and evaluating works.