风廓线雷达采用相干累积技术提高雷达探测灵敏度, 用于对降水云体进行垂直探测, 能获取高分辨率的云体返回信号的全谱信息.利用多年降水天气统计资料, 针对北京延庆地区降水特征, 提出了基于风廓线雷达谱参数(回波强度、 速度和谱宽)的降水云分类方案.该方案将降水资料分为浅对流、 浅层状云、 深对流、 深层状云、 混合-排除和混合-包含等六种降水类型.根据该方案, 利用风廓线雷达结合双偏振雷达和自动雨量站观测资料, 对2012年9月1日和2013年6月27日发生在延庆地区的两次降水天气过程进行了分析.结果表明, 风廓线雷达谱参数垂直廓线可以较好的描述降水云体的垂直结构, 回波强度廓线发展趋势与地面降水量趋势吻合较好.当降水存在对流时, 地面降水量出现明显增大, 同时伴随着大速度值区和高空大谱宽值区.利用基于风廓线雷达的分类方案识别降水云, 可以降低降水类型误判的几率.
Wind profile radar using coherent accumulation technology to improve radar sounding sensitivity, have being applied in precipitation cloud body vertical measurement, which can obtain high resolution entire spectrum information of cloud body return signal. On the basis of precipitation weather statistics for many years, aiming at characteristics of rainfall in Beijing Yanqing, a precipitation cloud classification scheme based on spectral parameter (echo intensity, velocity, spectral width) of wind profile radar have been put forward in this paper. Classification scheme divided precipitation data into shallow convection, shallow stratiform, deep convection, deep stratiform, transition-exclusive and transition-inclusive six types of precipitation. According to this classification scheme, by means of combining the wind profile radar data with dual polarization radar data and simultaneous rain gauge data, the paper analyzed two precipitation processes on September 1, 2012 and June 27, 2013 in Yanqing. The results show that, the vertical profiles of wind profile radar spectral parameter can describes the vertical structure of precipitation clouds accurately, the development trend of echo intensity and the trend of surface precipitation matched very well. When precipitation appears convection, the surface precipitation rate increased obviously, along with high speed region and high spectral width in upper air region. Using the wind profile radar-based classification scheme to distinguishing the type of clouds can reduce the probability of precipitation type misjudgment.
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