高原气象

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2015 , Vol. 34 >Issue 4: 1029 - 1040

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00071

论文

半干旱区典型下垫面反照率特征的初步分析

  • 张驰 ,
  • 范广洲 ,
  • 马柱国 ,
  • 程炳岩 ,
  • 赵天保 ,
  • 冯锦明 ,
  • 王鹤松
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  • 重庆市气候中心, 重庆 401147;2. 成都信息工程大学大气科学学院 高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室, 成都 610225;3. 中国科学院大气物理研究所 东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室, 北京 100029

收稿日期: 2013-12-16

  网络出版日期: 2015-08-28

基金资助

国家重大科学研究计划项目(2012CB956201); 科技部公益性行业(气象)专项(GYHY201106028); 国家自然科学基金项目(41275085); 重庆气象局业务技术攻关重点(团队)项目(ywgg-201508)

收起

Characteristics of Albedo over Different Underlying Surface in the Semi-Arid Area

  • ZHANG Chi ,
  • FAN Guangzhou ,
  • MA Zhuguo ,
  • CHENG Bingyan ,
  • ZHAO Tianbao ,
  • FENG Jinming ,
  • WANG Hesong
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  • The Climatic Center of Chunking Meteorological Branch, Chongqing 401147, China;2. Plateau Atmospheric and Environmental Research Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;3. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia(RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received date: 2013-12-16

  Online published: 2015-08-28

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摘要

利用2008-2009年7-9月中国半干旱区9个通量观测站的通量和常规气象数据结合同期MODIS的EVI植被覆盖数据, 分析了不同下垫面反照率的月、季特征及其与降水之间的关系, 系统地探讨了特殊天气条件下各类下垫面的反照率日变化特征。结果表明: (1)按照季平均反照率的大小, 各类下垫面排序依次为荒漠草地> 高寒草甸> 退化草地> 农田; (2)除退化草地外, 其余各类下垫面反照率的拟合结果均通过0.05显著性水平检验, 高寒草甸的拟合好于荒漠草地、农林混交农田和东北农田, 而荒漠草地和农林混交农田拟合效果相当; (3)在荒漠草地下垫面, 夜雨不会对次日反照率的"U"型分布产生影响, 存在潜热维持土壤湿度和感热加强蒸腾作用两种机制; (4)无雪盖高寒草甸的反照率主要受植被覆盖度和高原植被叶面特性的影响; 退化草地下垫面在强降水日白天出现反照率 "√"型分布, 由于09:00(北京时, 下同)11:00云量偏多、反照率偏高, 15:00-17:00太阳高度角对反照率增大作用强于土壤湿度的减小作用, 反照率缓慢回升造成的。低矮作物农田在雨日15:00-17:00反照率的骤升是植被覆盖度和太阳高度角相互作用所致, 受浅层土壤含水量的影响不大。

关键词： 半干旱区; 下垫面; 反照率; 降水

本文引用格式

张驰 , 范广洲 , 马柱国 , 程炳岩 , 赵天保 , 冯锦明 , 王鹤松 . 半干旱区典型下垫面反照率特征的初步分析[J]. 高原气象, 2015 , 34(4) : 1029 -1040 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00071

Abstract

Based on radiation-flux, regular meteorological data and simultaneously remote sensed MODIS EVI data, obtained from various underlying land-surface of nine Chinese semi-arid area stations from July to September in 2008 and 2009, the seasonal and diurnal mean albedo, the fit regression with precipitation and the one-week continuous variations were characterized. The mutual effects among albedo, solar radiation and land-surface temperature in different weather conditions, including rain and snow, were deeply delved. The seasonal mean albedo over 4 types of underlying land-surface show that the magnitude are decreased as following: desert grassland > plateau grassland > recessive grassland > farmland, re-supporting the previous reports. The fit regression between the albedo and the precipitation on the plateau grassland, desert grassland and farmland are all significant (P-value < 0.05), but the recessive grassland is not available. The night rain scarcely effect the 'U' style distribution of the next day's diurnal albedo because the soil water cycling from latent heat or evaporation system attributed to the sensible heat on the desert grassland surface. While on the plateau grassland without snow cover, the albedo is mainly decided by the plant coverage per unit area and leaves property of plateau plant. The proper rainfall, lower shallow soil temperature, land-surface air temperature and lower solar income radiation can make the albedo bigger on the snow covered grassland. The new snow and frozen soil might be the crisis for the albedo of highland grassland. For the recessive grassland, the diurnal '√' style distribution in a marked rainfall procedure will be more obvious, if mean albedo from 09:00(Beijing Time, hereafter the same) 11:00 is much bigger due to more cloud scattering and the slowly increased albedo from 15:00-17:00 mainly due to the fact that raising force of the lower solar motive angle is bigger than the decreasing effect of the increasing the shallow soil water per column. In a diurnal 'U' style distribution of albedo on the farmland planted with corn, the mutual function between the solar motive angle and plant coverage per unit is conducive to the sudden increase of the mean albedo during 15:00-17:00 in the rain day, and the shallow soil water per column hardly contribute to the raised albedo at that time.

Key words： The semi-arid area; Underlying land-surf; Albedo; Precipitation

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