利用三维对流风暴云模式对拉萨地区的一次热力雷暴进行了数值模拟和结构特征分析, 结果表明, 该模式较好地模拟出了此次高原地区热力雷暴在发生、成熟、消亡阶段的结构特征。热力雷暴发生阶段上升气流较小, 成熟阶段热力雷暴的总水汽混合比最大, 上升速度也达到最大值, 随后热力雷暴单体不断下降, 进入消亡阶段。热力雷暴的水成物粒子(冰晶、雪、霰和雹粒子)中, 以冰晶粒子为主, 整体生成量最高, 但在热力雷暴初期阶段, 以霰粒子为主, 热力雷暴水汽含量偏少, 出现在日最高温度之后, 有着高原热力雷暴的独特特征.热力雷暴风场结构表现为低层辐合、高层辐散。高原热力雷暴的不稳定能量较小, 午后热力扰动是主要的触发机制。
The numerical simulation and the structural features of a thermodynamic thunderstorm over Lhasa were studied by using the three dimensional hailstorm numerical model.The results indicate that: the occurring, aging and weakening features of the thermodynamic thunderstorm over the Lhasa area were successfully presented by this model.The updraft was relatively weak when the thermodynamic thunderstorm was just happened.The total water vapor mixing ratio reached maximum as well as the ascending velocity in the mature stage, and then it reached the extinction phase when the thermodynamic thunderstorm cells declined later.Crystal ice particles were of the highest production and of the majority among hydrometeors (ice, snow, graupel and hail particles), but the graupel particles dominated at the primary stage of the thermodynamic thunderstorm.The water vapor within the thermodynamic thunderstorm was little and appeared after the daily maximum temperature, which is the unique feature of the thermodynamic thunderstorm over the plateau.The vector wind showed a convergence in the low-level and divergence in the upper level.Instable energy is relatively small and thermal perturbation in the afternoon is the main trigger of the thermodynamic thunderstorm.The CAPE value of this thunderstorm is 186.6 J·kg-1, which is potentially instable.But because of the strong radiation in Tibet, after noon, it can turn into convective instable leading to strong convection.There is less water vapor in the thunderstorm in Tibet, which is different from the thunderstorm over plain.
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