论文

2008-2012年四川强小时雨强的时空分布特征

  • 周秋雪 ,
  • 刘莹 ,
  • 冯良敏 ,
  • 牛俊丽
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  • 四川省气象台, 成都 610072;2. 高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室, 成都 610072

收稿日期: 2013-12-10

  网络出版日期: 2015-10-28

基金资助

西南区域强降水预报创新团队; 短历时强降水客观技术集成与应用(CMAGJ2013Z04); 西南区域重大业务项目(2014-3); 四川省气象局科学技术研究开发课题(川气课题2015-青年-03)

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Strong Hour Rainfall Intensity in Sichuan during 2008-2012

  • ZHOU Qiuxue ,
  • LIU Ying ,
  • FENG Liangmin ,
  • NIU Junli
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  • Sichuan Provincial Meteorological Office, Chengdu 610072, China;2. Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China

Received date: 2013-12-10

  Online published: 2015-10-28

摘要

利用2008-2012年四川157个基本测站和895个区域自动站的逐时降水资料, 通过统计诊断方法分析了四川的强小时雨强发生频次、极值的时空分布特征, 得到如下主要结论: (1)四川每年出现20 mm·h-1以上的强小时雨强达3537.8次, 平均每年的强小时雨强极值均超过了100 mm·h-1, 并在2012年呈一个跃升的趋势。(2)四川强小时雨强落区主要集中在四川盆地及攀西南部的大部分地区, 且强降水高发中心主要位于从盆地向山脉过渡的纵向陡峭地形区。雨强极值超过了30 mm·h-1的落区也集中在盆地及攀西地区。频次及雨强极值的变化与海拔有密切联系, 迎风坡的陡峭过渡地形削弱了频次及雨强极值随海拔的增高而减少的速率。(3)频次的月变化比强小时雨强极值的月变化更显著。7月发生强小时雨强的次数最多, 其次是8月, 5月最少。6-9月雨强极值均超过100 mm·h-1。(4)20 mm·h-1和30 mm·h-1以上的强小时雨强频次日变化均呈夜间活跃的单峰型特征, 而50 mm·h-1以上的强小时雨强突发性较强, 日变化呈多峰型结构, 且盆地不同区域的日变化特征及峰值活跃时间也有较大差异。

本文引用格式

周秋雪 , 刘莹 , 冯良敏 , 牛俊丽 . 2008-2012年四川强小时雨强的时空分布特征[J]. 高原气象, 2015 , 34(5) : 1261 -1269 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00070

Abstract

Based on the hourly precipitation data of 1052 stations during 2008-2012 in Sichuan Province, multiple-time-scale variations of the frequency and the extreme rainfall intensity of strong hour rainfall intensity (hereafter SHRI) are investigated by using statistical diagnostic methods.And get the following main conclusions.(1) The frequency of SHRI which is more than 20 mm·h-1 reached 3537.8 times annually.Averagely the extreme rainfall intensity is more than 100 mm·h-1 per year, and it jumped in 2012.(2) The SHRI area mainly concentrated in most parts of the whole basin and the Southwest of Panxi area, and the strong precipitation with high centers are mainly located in the longitudinal steep terrain area from basin to mountain transition.The extreme rainfall intensity area also concentrated in most parts of basin and Panxi area which is more than 30 mm·h-1.Obviously there is a very close contact between rainfall frequency, extreme rainfall intensity and altitude.The windward slope of the steep terrain weakened the reduce rate of frequency and extreme rainfall intensity with higher elevation.(3) Monthly changes of frequency are more significant than monthly changes of extreme rainfall intensity.SHRI occurs most frequently in July, followed by August, at least in May.The extreme rainfall intensity is more than 100 mm·h-1 from June to September.(4) The diurnal variations of SHRI which beyond 20 mm·h-1 and 30 mm·h-1 show a single active peak during night, but the diurnal variations of SHRI which beyond 50 mm·h-1 has multiple peaks, and it happens very suddenly.Diurnal variations and active peaks also have great differences in different areas of basin.

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