土壤湿度是陆面过程中最为关键的参量之一。微波遥感是反演土壤湿度主要手段， 微波辐射具有较强的穿透深度， 时间分辨率高且空间覆盖广， 微波遥感反演土壤湿度模型具有较完整的物理基础， 但对土壤冻融过程土壤含冰量和土壤含水量的解析不够准确。这使得开展地基微波遥感土壤湿度观测试验研究具有非常重要的科学意义和应用价值。本文介绍了目前依托中国科学院若尔盖高原湿地生态系统研究站玛曲观测场开展的地基微波遥感土壤湿度观测试验和建立的地基微 波辐射计（ELBARA-Ⅲ， L波段）黄河源地表亮温观测数据集（2016 -2019）， 并详细介绍了地基微波辐射计和涡动协方差通量观测系统的各种参数和配置， 介绍了其观测数据， 回顾了利用本观测试验数据集开展的亮度温度模拟和土壤湿度反演相关研究成果。最后， 基于地基微波辐射计及其附属观测数据的广泛应用， 展望了利用地基微波辐射计观测数据在未来土壤湿度反演和相关研究中的应用前景。

Soil moisture is one of the most key variables in land surface process. Microwave remote sensing is the main method to retrieve soil moisture， microwave radiation has large sensing depth， high temporal resolution and wide spatial coverage. The soil moisture retrieval algorithm based on microwave remote sensing has a complete physical basis， but less accurate in retrieving soil ice content and soil water content in the process of soil freezing and thawing. It is of great scientific significance and application value to carry out the experimental research of soil moisture observation by the ground-based microwave remote sensing. Based on the Maqu observation site of the Zoige Plateau Wetland Ecosystem Research Station， Chinese Academy of Sciences， this paper introduces the ground-based microwave remote sensing soil moisture observation experiment and the establishment of the ground-based microwave radiometer （ELBARA-Ⅲ， L-band） surface brightness temperature observation data sets （2016 -2019） at the source of the Yellow River. The parameters and configuration of ground-based microwave radiometer and eddy covariance flux observation system are introduced in detail， and reviews the brightness temperature simulation and soil moisture retrieval using this observation data sets， and the related research and achievements. The existing problems and application prospects of soil moisture retrieval and land surface processes based on applications of this ground-based microwave radiometer data are also discussed.