利用常规观测资料、地面自动站雨量资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,应用水汽通量诊断分析、后向轨迹模型等方法分析了2012年6月4-5日(简称"0605")和2011年6月15-16日("0616")河西走廊西部干旱区两次极端暴雨事件的水汽输送和收支特征。结果表明,高原低涡及其前部弱高压脊共同作用下,在甘肃中西部对流层中层形成的异常偏东气流是河西走廊西部暴雨水汽输送的关键,其将来自孟加拉湾的水汽接力式的输送到河西走廊西部,有利于该地区的水汽辐合;弱高压脊的强度和位置决定了异常偏东气流的强度和最西端延伸的位置,而异常偏东气流的强度和最西端延伸的位置在很大程度上又决定了暴雨水汽的主要来源;两次暴雨过程均存在两路异常的水汽输送,随西风气流的西路水汽输送和绕高原的东路水汽输送,"0605"过程弱高压脊位置偏东偏弱,异常偏东气流由东向西扩展,最西端达到张掖,较强的西路水汽输送贡献率达到了90.02%,而"0616"过程弱高压脊位置偏西偏强且在内蒙古西部形成闭合的反气旋环流,异常偏东气流由西向东扩展,最西端位于酒泉西部,较强的东路水汽输送贡献率达到了84.6%;西(东)路水汽输送在对流层低(中)层输入较为显著。
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