论文

黄土高原半干旱区雨养农田地表辐射和能量通量的季节变化

  • 陈星 ,
  • 余晔 ,
  • 陈晋北 ,
  • 李振朝 ,
  • 马晨晨 ,
  • 解晋
展开
  • 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室, 兰州 730000;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3. 中国科学院平凉陆面过程与灾害天气观测研究站, 平凉 744015

收稿日期: 2014-04-01

  网络出版日期: 2016-04-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41175009,41375001)

Seasonal Variation of Radiation and Energy Fluxes over the Rain-Fed Cropland in the Semi-Arid Area of Loess Plateau

  • CHEN Xing ,
  • YU Ye ,
  • CHEN Jinbei ,
  • LI Zhenchao ,
  • MA Chenchen ,
  • XIE Jin
Expand
  • Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process & Climate Change in Cold & Arid Regions, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Pingliang Land Surface Process & Severe Weather Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pingliang 744015, China

Received date: 2014-04-01

  Online published: 2016-04-28

摘要

黄土高原陇东地区有着特殊的气候背景和下垫面,对这一地区陆气相互作用特征和影响因素的观测分析对改进和发展陆面过程模式以及气候变化研究有重要意义。利用陇东平凉陆面过程与灾害天气观测研究站连续一年的陆面过程观测资料,分析了雨养农田降水量、土壤含水量、辐射、反照率和能量通量的季节变化,以及降水、土壤含水量和农业生产活动对能量分配的影响。结果表明,陇东地区降水量季节分布不均,土壤含水量有明显季节差异,随降水有明显波动;辐射通量的季节变化较为规律,短波辐射的日均值受天气状况影响,波动较大;地表反照率呈明显的季节变化,全年正午反照率最大值为0.83,出现在降雪后,生长季随着作物的生长,反照率下降至0.2以下,农作物收割以后的裸土反照率随降水变化明显,反照率与土壤体积含水量呈明显的线性相关关系;湍流能量通量日循环和季节变化明显,地表能量分配在很大程度上受降水影响,同时农业生产活动也对其有较大影响,主导能量通量有较大的月际波动,潜热通量月平均日变化峰值最大为240.8 W·m-2,出现在5月,感热通量为192.5 W·m-2,出现在4月;在年尺度上,正午净辐射多被感热通量消耗,感热通量约占35%,潜热通量约占32%,低于灌溉农田;在冬小麦快速生长季(3-5月),潜热通量约占34%,远低于灌溉的冬小麦田,研究站点的蒸散发过程受到水分限制。

本文引用格式

陈星 , 余晔 , 陈晋北 , 李振朝 , 马晨晨 , 解晋 . 黄土高原半干旱区雨养农田地表辐射和能量通量的季节变化[J]. 高原气象, 2016 , 35(2) : 351 -362 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00004

Abstract

It's important to understand the land-atmosphere interactions over the semi-arid area of Loess Plateau, which featured by special climate and unique underlying surfaces. Seasonal variability of precipitation, soil moisture, radiation, albedo and energy fluxes, especially the influence of rain, soil moisture and agricultural production activities to the energy partition, were analyzed systematically, using a full year observations over a rain-fed cropland at the Pingliang Land Surface Process & Severe Weather Research Station. The results showed that the seasonal distribution of precipitation was uneven, gave rise to the significant seasonal differences in soil moisture. Radiative components had seasonal cycles. Shortwave radiation fluctuated with weather conditions, while longwave radiation was less affected. Surface albedo had significant seasonal variations:the maximum midday mean value (0.83) occurred after snow, then dropped to less than 0.2 during crop growth, afterwards, it fluctuated with precipitation after crop harvest. There was a linear relationship between albedo and soil moisture. Turbulent energy fluxes had diurnal cycle and seasonal variations. The partition of energy was largely affected by the changes in precipitation as well as agricultural production activities. The main consumer of the available energy was different among months, monthly mean diurnal cycle of the latent (sensible) heat flux attained maximum in May (April), which was 240.8 (192.5) W·m-2. On an annual scale, the largest consumer of midday net radiation was sensible heat flux, which accounted for about 35% of Rn. While the latent heat flux was about 32% of Rn, which was lower than irrigated croplands. During the rapid growing season of winter wheat (March to May), the average midday LE/Rn was about 34%, which was much lower than irrigated winter wheat agro-ecosystem, indicating that it was water limited in our study site.

参考文献

[1]Bowen I S. 1926. The ratio of heat losses by conduction and by evaporation from any water surface[J]. Phys Rev,27(6):779-787. DOI:10.1103/PhysRev. 779.
[2]Chen S,Chen J,Lin G,et al. 2009. Energy balance and partition in Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems with different land use types[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,149(11):1800-1809. DOI:10.1016/j. agrformet. 2009.06.009.
[3]Chen X,Su Z,Ma Y,et al. 2012. Analysis of land-atmosphere interactions over the north region of Mt. Qomolangma (Mt. Everest)[J]. Arctic,Antarctic,and Alpine Research,44(4):412-422. DOI:10.1657/1938-4246-44.4. 412.
[4]Gu L,Meyers T,Pallardy S G,et al. 2006. Direct and indirect effects of atmospheric conditions and soil moisture on surface energy partitioning revealed by a prolonged drought at a temperate forest site[J]. J Geophys Res,111(D16):D16102. DOI:10.1029/2006jd007161.
[5]Guan X,Huang J,Guo N,et al. 2009. Variability of soil moisture and its relationship with surface albedo and soil thermal parameters over the Loess Plateau[J]. Adv Atmos Sci,26(4):692-700. DOI:10.1007/s00376-009-8198-0.
[6]Huang J P,Zhang W,Zuo J Q,et al. 2008. An overview of the semi-arid climate and environment research observatory over the Loess Plateau[J]. Adv Atmos Sci,25(6):906-921. DOI:10.1007/s00376-008-0906-7.
[7]Lei H,Yang D. 2010. Interannual and seasonal variability in evapotranspiration and energy partitioning over an irrigated cropland in the North China Plain[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,150(4):581-589. DOI:10.1016/j.agrformet. 2010.01.022.
[8]Mauder M,Cuntz M,Drue C,et al. 2013. A strategy for quality and uncertainty assessment of long-term eddy-covariance measurements[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,169:122-135. DOI:10.1016/j. agrformet. 2012.09.006.
[9]Suyker A E,Verma S B. 2008. Interannual water vapor and energy exchange in an irrigated maize-based agroecosystem[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,148(3):417-427. DOI:10.1016/j.agrformet. 2007.10.005.
[10]Wang G,Huang J,Guo W,et al. 2010. Observation analysis of land-atmosphere interactions over the Loess Plateau of Northwest China[J]. J Geophys Res,115(D7):D00K17. DOI:10.1029/2009jd013372.
[11]Wang K C,Wang P C,Liu J M,et al. 2005. Variation of surface albedo and soil thermal parameters with soil moisture content at a semi-desert site on the western Tibetan Plateau[J]. Bound-Layer Meteor,116(1):117-129. DOI:10.1007/s10546-004-7403-z.
[12]Wei Z G,Wen J,Li Z C. 2009. Vertical atmospheric structure of the late summer clear days over the east Gansu loess plateau in China[J]. Adv Atmos Sci,26(3):381-389. DOI:10.1007/s00376-009-0381-9.
[13]Wen J,Wang L,Wei Z G. 2009. An overview of the Loess Plateau mesa region land surface process field experiment series (LOPEXs)[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,13(6):945-951. DOI:10.5194/hess-13-945-2009.
[14]Wen J,Wei Z,Lü S. et al. 2007. Autumn daily characteristics of land surface heat and water exchange over the Loess Plateau mesa in China[J]. Adv Atmos Sci,24(2):301-310. DOI:10.1007/s00376-007-0301-9.
[15]Wilson K B,Baldocchi D D. 2000. Seasonal and interannual variability of energy fluxes over a broadleaved temperate deciduous forest in North America[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,100(1):1-18. DOI:10.1016/s0168-1923(99)00088-x.
[16]Zuo J,Huang J,Wang J,et al. 2009. Surface turbulent flux measurements over the Loess Plateau for a semi-arid climate change study[J]. Adv Atmos Sci,26(4):679-691. DOI:10.1007/s00376-009-8188-2.
[17]陈云刚,张宇,王少影,等. 2014. 高寒草甸湍流特征量的季节变化特征[J]. 高原气象,33(3):585-595. Chen Yungang,Zhang Yu,Wang Shaoying,et al. 2014. Seasonal variation of turbulence characteristics over alpine meadow ecosystem[J]. Plateau Meteor,33(3):585-595. DOI:10.7522/j.issn. 1000-0534.2014.00044.
[18]胡隐樵,高由禧,王介民,等. 1994. 黑河实验(HEIFE)的一些研究成果[J]. 高原气象,13(3):2-13. Hu Yinqiao,Gao Youxi,Wang Jiemin,et al. 1994. Some achievements in scientific research during HEIFE[J]. Plateau Meteor,13(3):2-13.
[19]黄荣辉,周德刚,陈文,等. 2013. 关于中国西北干旱区陆-气相互作用及其对气候影响研究的最近进展[J]. 大气科学,37(2):189-210. Huang Ronghui,Zhou Degang,Chen Wen,et al. 2013. Recent progress in studies of air-land interaction over the arid area of Northwest China and its impact on climate[J]. Chinese J Atmos Sci,37(2):189-210.
[20]贾东于,文军,张堂堂,等. 2014. 黄土高原降水对土壤含水量和导热率的影响[J]. 高原气象,33(3):712-720. Jia Dongyu,Wen Jun,Zhang Tangtang,et al. 2014. Response of soil water content and soil thermal conductivity on precipitation in Loess Plateau[J]. Plateau Meteor,33(3):712-720. DOI:10.7522/j.issn. 1000-0534.2014.00049.
[21]李德帅,王金艳,王式功,等. 2014. 陇中黄土高原半干旱草地地表反照率的变化特征[J]. 高原气象,33(1):89-96. Li Deshuai,Wang Jinyan,Wang Shigong,et al. 2014. Change features of surface albedo of semi-arid grassland over the Loess Plateau of middle part Gansu[J]. Plateau Meteor,33(1):89-96. DOI:10.7522/j.issn. 1000-0534.2012.00178.
[22]李宏宇,张强,王胜. 2010. 陇中黄土高原夏季陆面辐射和热量特征研究[J]. 地球科学进展,25(10):1070-1081. Li Hongyu,Zhang Qiang,Wang Sheng. 2010. Research on characteristics of land-surface radiation and heat budget over the Loess Plateau of central Gansu in summer[J]. Adv Earth Sci,25(10):1070-1081.
[23]李岩瑛,张强,胡兴才,等. 2012. 西北干旱区和黄土高原大气边界层特征对比及其对气候干湿变化的响应[J]. 冰川冻土,34(5):1047-1058. Li Yanying,Zhang Qiang,Hu Xingcai,et al. 2012. Atmosphere boundary layer characteristics and their responses to wetness change over arid regions and Loess Plateau in Northwest China[J]. J Glaciology Geocryology,34(5):1047-1058.
[24]李振朝,韦志刚,文军,等. 2008. 黄土高原典型塬区冬小麦地表辐射和能量平衡特征[J]. 气候与环境研究,13(6):751-758. Li Zhenchao,Wei Zhigang,Wen Jun,et al. 2008. Study of land surface radiation and energy balance at winter wheat fields over typical mesa of Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Climatic Environ Res,13(6):751-758.
[25]刘辉志,涂钢,董文杰. 2008. 半干旱区不同下垫面地表反照率变化特征[J]. 科学通报,53(10):1220-1227. Liu Huizhi,Tu Gang,Dong Wenjie. 2008. Change features of land-surface albedo over different types of underlying surfaces in the semi-arid region[J]. Chinese Sci Bull,53(10):1220-1227.
[26]刘远永,文军,韦志刚,等,2007. 黄土高原塬区地表辐射和热量平衡观测与分析[J]. 高原气象,26(5):928-937. Liu Yuanyong,Wen Jun,Wei Zhigang,et al. 2007. Observation and analysis of the land surface radiation and energy balance over the Loess Plateau mesa region[J]. Plateau Meteor,26(5):928-937.
[27]吕达仁,陈佐忠,陈家宜,等. 2005. 内蒙古半干旱草原土壤-植被-大气相互作用综合研究[J]. 气象学报,63(5):571-593. Lv Daren,Chen Zuozhong,Chen Jiayi,et al. 2005. Study on soil-vegetation-atmosphere interaction in Inner-Mongolia semi-arid grassland[J]. Acta Meteor Sinica,63(5):571-593.
[28]马晨晨,余晔,何建军,等. 2014. 黄土高原地区两种再分析资料的模拟效果分析[J]. 高原气象,33(3):698-711. Ma Chenchen,Yu Ye,He Jianjun,et al. 2014. Analyses of simulation result in Loess Plateau by WRF model with two reanalysis data[J]. Plateau Meteor,33(3):698-711. DOI:10.7522/j.issn. 1000-0534.2014.00038.
[29]马耀明,姚檀栋,王介民. 2006. 青藏高原能量和水循环试验研究——GAME/Tibet与CAMP/Tibet研究进展[J]. 高原气象,25(2):344-351. Ma Yaomin,Yao Tandong,Wang Jiemin. 2006. Experimental study of energy and water cycle in Tibetan Plateau-the progress introduction on the study of GAME/Tibet and CAMP/Tibet[J]. Plateau Meteor,25(2):344-351.
[30]孙秉强,张强,董安祥,等. 2005. 甘肃黄土高原土壤水分气候特征[J]. 地球科学进展,20(9):1041-1046. Sun Bingqiang,Zhang Qiang,Dong Anxiang,et al. 2005. Evolution feature on the moisture of soil for Loess highland in Gansu[J]. Adv Earth Sci,20(9):1041-1046.
[31]孙菽芬. 2005. 陆面过程的物理、生化机理和参数化模型[M]. 北京:气象出版社,1-21. Sun Shufen. 2005. The physical,biochemical mechanism and paramererized model of land surface process[M]. Beijing:China Meteor Press,1-21.
[32]孙昭萱,张强. 2011. 黄土高原半干旱区陆面温度和能量的气候特征分析[J]. 中国沙漠,31(5):1302-1308. Sun Zhaoxuan,Zhang Qiang. 2011. Analysis of climate characteristics of land surface temperature and energy in the semi-arid region in the Loess Plateau[J]. J Desert Res,31(5):1302-1308.
[33]王澄海,黄宝霞,杨兴国. 2007. 陇中黄土高原植被覆盖和裸露下垫面地表通量和总体输送系数研究[J]. 高原气象,26(1):30-38. Wang Chenhai,Huang Baoxia,Yang Xingguo. 2007. A study on surface flux and the bulk transfer coefficients over middle Gansu region of Loess Plateau under the wheat and bare fields[J]. Plateau Meteor,26(1):30-38.
[34]王介民. 1999. 陆面过程实验和地气相互作用研究——从HEIFE到IMGRASS和GAME-Tibet/TIPEX[J]. 高原气象,18(3):280-294. Wang Jiemin. 1999. Land surface process experiments and interaction study in China-from HEIFE to IMGRASS and GAME-TIBET/TIPEX[J]. Plateau Meteor,18(3):280-294.
[35]王润元,杨兴国,把多辉,等. 2004. 半干旱雨养农田典型晴天感热、潜热的阶段差异[J]. 干旱气象,22(4):26-28+39. Wang Rongyuan,Yang Xingguo,Ba Duohui,et al. 2004. Changes of sensible and latent heat on a typical clear day on dry-farming land in semi-arid region during different development phases of crop[J]. Arid Meteor,22(4):26-28,39.
[36]王胜,张强,王兴,等. 2013. 黄土高原不同气候区裸地水、热特征对比[J]. 中国沙漠,33(4):1166-1173. Wang Sheng,Zhang Qiang,Wang Xing,et al. 2013. Comparison of the water and heat characteristics of bare soil in different climate region of the Loess Plateau[J]. J Desert Res,33(4):1166-1173.
[37]王欣,文军,韦志刚,等. 2009. 中国黄土高原塬区表层土壤水分盈缺状况的研究[J]. 高原气象,28(3):530-538. Wang Xin,Wen Jun,Wei Zhigang,et al. 2009. Study on water deficit of the topsoil over the Chinese Loess Plateau mesa region[J]. Plateau Meteor,28(3):530-538.
[38]王兴,张强,王胜. 2013. 中国黄土高原半湿润地区陆面温、湿特性及辐射收支特征研究[J]. 高原气象,32(5):1272-1279. Wang Xing,Zhang Qiang,Wang Sheng. 2013. Study on soil hydrothermal property in semi-humid region of Loess Plateau[J]. Plateau Meteor,32(5):1272-1279. DOI:10.7522/j.issn. 1000-0534.2013.00058.
[39]杨启国,杨兴国,马鹏里,等. 2005. 陇中黄土高原冬季地表辐射和能量平衡特征[J]. 地球科学进展,20(9):1012-1021. Yang Qiguo,Yang Xingguo,Ma Pengli,et al. 2005. The characteristic of surface radiation and energy balance in Loess Plateau of middle part Gansu in winter[J]. Adv Earth Sci,20(9):1012-1021.
[40]杨兴国,张强,王润元,等. 2004. 陇中黄土高原夏季地表能量平衡观测研究[J]. 高原气象,23(6):828-834. Yang Xingguo,Zhang Qiang,Wang Runyuan,et al. 2004. Experimental study on surface energy balance over Loess Plateau of middle part Gansu in summer[J]. Plateau Meteor,23(6):828-834.
[41]杨兴国,张强,杨启国,等. 2010. 陇中黄土高原半干旱区总体输送系数的特征[J]. 高原气象,29(1):44-50. Yang Xingguo,Zhang Qiang,Yang Qiguo,et al. 2010. Characteristics of bulk transfer coefficients over the middle-Gansu semi-arid region of Loess Plateau[J]. Plateau Meteor,29(1):44-50.
[42]杨耀先,李茂善,胡泽勇,等,2014. 藏北高原高寒草甸地表粗糙度对地气通量的影响[J]. 高原气象,33(3):626-636. Yang Yaoxian,Li Maoshan,Hu Zeyong,et al. 2014. Influence of surface roughness on surface-air fluxes in alpine meadow over the Northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Plateau Meteor,33(3):626-636. DOI:10.7522/j.issn. 1000-0534.2013.00199.
[43]张强,黄菁,张良,等. 2013a. 黄土高原区域气候暖干化对地表能量交换特征的影响[J]. 物理学报,62(13):561-572. Zhang Q,Huang J,Zhang L,et al. 2013a. Warming and drying climate over Loess plateau area in China and its effect on land surface energy exchange[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,62(13):561-572.
[44]张强,李宏宇. 2010. 黄土高原地表能量不闭合度与垂直感热平流的关系[J]. 物理学报,59(8):5889-5896. Zhang Qiang,Li Hongyu. 2010. The relationship between surface energy balance unclosure and vertical sensible heat advection over the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,59(8):5889-5896.
[45]张强,李宏宇,张立阳,等,2013b. 陇中黄土高原自然植被下垫面陆面过程及其参数对降水波动的气候响应[J]. 物理学报,62(1):522-532. Zhang Qiang,Li Hongyu,Zhang Liyang,et al. 2013b. Responses of the land-surface process and its parameters over the natural vegetation underlying surface of the middle of Gansu in Loess Plateau to precipitation fluctuation[J]. Acta Physica Sinica,62(1):522-532.
[46]张强,孙昭萱,王胜. 2011. 黄土高原定西地区陆面物理量变化规律研究[J]. 地球物理学报,54(7):1727-1737. Zhang Qiang,Sun Zhaoxuan,Wang Sheng. 2011. Analysis of variation regularity of land-surface physical quantities over Dingxi region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese J Geophys,54(7):1727-1737.
[47]张强,王胜. 2008. 关于黄土高原陆面过程及其观测试验研究[J]. 地球科学进展,23(2):167-173. Zhang Qiang,Wang Sheng. 2008. On land surface processes and its experimental study in Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Adv Earth Sci,23(2):167-173.
[48]左金清,王介民,黄建平,等. 2010. 半干旱草地地表土壤热通量的计算及其对能量平衡的影响[J]. 高原气象,29(4):840-848. Zuo Jinqing,Wang Jiemin,Huang Jianping,et al. 2010. Estimation of ground heat flux for a semi-arid grassland and its impact on the surface energy budget[J]. Plateau Meteor,29(4):840-848.
文章导航

/