2013年盛夏(7-8月)中国发生大范围持续性高温事件,其影响范围之广、持续时间之长、强度之强均为历史罕见。通过对此次事件的特征及其对应的大气环流、可能的外部强迫机制进行了诊断分析,结果表明:(1)北半球中高纬度地区AO正位相为此次持续性高温事件的发生提供了环流背景,西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)持续出现的面积偏大、强度偏强、西伸脊点偏西等,则是导致此次持续性高温事件发生的直接因子,而副高的这种持续异常特征则是多种因素综合影响的结果;高空西风急流带主体显著东伸至华北中南部地区,有利于高温的稳定维持;(2)同期和前期海温对此次高温事件发生、发展均有重要的作用,表现为夏季赤道西太平洋以及赤道印度洋以北海温异常对副高的持续加强西伸有一定的促进作用,而前冬赤道印度洋海温的一致增温则是此次高温事件的主要前兆信号;(3)前冬青藏高原积雪的异常偏少,有效加强对持续性高温事件具有直接影响的关键因子,也是此次持续性高温事件的又一可能的前兆信号。
A persistent large-scale high temperature event occurred in China in the midsummer of 2013 (July and August). Its wide scope of influence, long duration and strong intensity has rarely been seen in history. Brief diagnostic analyses were conducted for the high temperature characteristics of the event, its corresponding atmospheric circulation and possible external forces. The results showed that:(1) The positive phase of Arctic Oscillation (AO) in the middle and high latitude areas of the northern hemisphere provides the circulation background for the occurrence of the persistent high temperature event; the abnormal characteristics which continuously appear in the subtropical high such as overly large area, strong intensity and westward stretching of the western ridge point are the direct factors leading to the occurrence of the persistent high temperature event, while these continuous abnormal characteristics are the results of the comprehensive influence of many factors; the main body of the westerly upper jet belt significantly extends eastward to the central and southern regions of Northern China, being conducive to the stable maintenance of the high temperature. (2) The sea surface temperature (SST) over the same period and early SST play an important role in the occurrence and development of the high temperature event, and this important role is reflected in the fact that the SST anomalies in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean and north of equatorial Indian Ocean during the summer have a certain promoting role in continuing to strengthen the westward extension of the subtropical high, while the consistent warming of the equatorial Indian Ocean SST during the preceding winter is the main precursory signal of the high temperature event. (3) The negative anomaly of Tibetan Plateau snow cover during the preceding winter effectively strengthened factors which had a direct influence on the persistent high temperature event, and it also became another possible precursory signal of the event.
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