为定量评估水体对温度的影响,通过观测试验和数值模拟研究不同尺度水体的影响范围,并进行敏感性试验分析,得到以下主要结果:(1)观测试验表明,冬、春季水体对周围的影响主要表现为夜间增温和白天降温,离水体越近,效果越明显,影响范围小尺度水体冬季可达200 m,春季影响距离减小,大尺度水体可达1 km,水体的增温作用存在背景风速阈值,小尺度水体的阈值为3 m·s-1,大尺度水体的阈值为4 m·s-1,当背景风速小于阈值时,增温作用显著,大于阈值时,增温作用不显著,白天降温作用受风速的影响不大。(2)数值模拟结果表明,不同尺度水体对温度均有白天降温、夜间升温的作用,以0.05℃为标准,小尺度水体对温度的影响范围达到100 m,以0.2℃为标准,大尺度水体的影响范围达到3.7 km左右。(3)对背景风速、初始温度、天气状况的敏感性分析表明,夜间,当风速小于对应阈值时,风速越大,水体对下风向的影响越大,大于对应阈值时,水体的影响不随风速变化而变化;白天,水体对下风向的影响受初始风速的影响不如夜间明显,夜间,温度越高,水体的影响距离越小,白天反之,水体对温度的影响随天气变化显著不同。
In order to evaluate how the water body affects the air temperature observing quantitatively, two observing experiments and some numerical simulations were conducted. The results are:(1) The observing experiments indicate that:the air temperature around the water body is increased at night and decreased at daytime. The nearer to the water body, the stronger of the inference is. For the small-scale water body, the scope of the effects is obvious at 200 m at the lee shore in winter, and it seems decrease in spring. While for the large-scale water body, the scope of the effects is obvious about 1km. There are upper bounds of wind speed for the effects at night, 3 m·s-1 to the small water body, 4 m·s-1 to the large one. When wind flow under the bound value, the warming effects are obvious, however, the effects are no show if the wind beyond the bound value. No upper bound appeared during the daytime. (2)Simulations show the same pattern of the effects that the surrounding air of water body is warming at night and cooling at daytime. But the effecting scopes are smaller than the observations. 0.5℃ warm curve is 100 m to the small water body, and 0.2℃ warm curve is 3.7 km to the large water body. (3) The effects of the water body on the surrounding air temperature are sensitive to the background wind speed, initial temperature and weather condition. The intensity and the distance of the effects are larger with the increase of the wind speed limited to the upper bound at night, the temperature at daytime and the decrease of the temperature at night. Different weather conditions, there are different effect of water body on temperature.
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