Based on daily precipitation data of 45 meteorological observation stations in Tianshan Mountions and its north to Xinjiang (northern Xinjiang) during 1964-2010 and NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5° daily reanalysis data, the persistent heavy snow process in northern Xinjiang is defined. There were 36 processes from 1964 to 2010, and they can be classified into 4 patterns based on the location of the snowstorm, 25 times in northern Xinjiang, 9 times in north and west of northern Xinjiang, 1 time along the Tianshan Mountains, 1 time in west of northern Xinjiang. The large scale circulation backgrounds, key circulation system configuration and water vapor transport anomalies of processes in northern Xinjiang and in north and west of northern Xinjiang have been analyzed. The results show:(1) Circulation of heavy snow processes in northern Xinjiang can be classified into 3 patterns:the meridional pattern Ⅰ, the meridional pattern Ⅱ and the zonal pattern. The meridional pattern Ⅰ can be classified into 2 patterns:Two polar vortex centers in the Northern Hemisphere with two and three waves in middle high latitudes respectively. The meridional pattern Ⅱ can be classified into 2 patterns:one and two polar vortex centers in the Northern Hemisphere with two waves in middle high latitudes respectively. The zonal pattern:Snowstorms were caused by meeting with wave from frontal zone high latitudes and subtropical front in middle-low latitudes over Xinjiang. (2) Circulation of snow processes in north and west of northern Xinjiang can be classified into 3 patterns:one and two polar vortex centers in the Northern Hemisphere with three waves in middle high latitudes, and the zonal pattern manifested as the West Siberia trough and trough between the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea jointed together over Xinjiang and caused the snowstorm. (3) These circulation patterns have the same configuration:polar front jet on 300 hPa, strong westerly frontal zone on 500 hPa, low-level westerly jet on 700 hPa, heavy snow area located at the divergence area of wind velocity in the right side of the entrance of polar front jet and the convergence area of wind velocity in the right side of the exit of low-level jet. (4) The water vapor sources are the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea in high latitudes, the Mediterranean Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea in middle latitudes, the Red Sea in low latitudes. Different circulation configurations have different water vapor transports, but mainly from the middle-low latitudes water vapor transport.
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