利用等熵位涡理论对2013 年严重影响华南的“尤特”台风过程进行了诊断分析,结果表明,“尤特”活动期间,其环流中心上空高层有随台风移动的高位涡大值中心下传,且高层位涡下传的强弱与下传区相对台风的位置与台风强度和移向变化关系密切,表现为台风一般沿着台风上空等熵位涡分布的长轴方向移动,高层位涡增加后,台风中心气压下降,强度加强。高层高位涡的下传,导致动力对流层顶下降,在高位涡异常区前方低层激发气旋性环流,形成低涡或气旋,从而影响台风移动,而低涡或气旋生成后对对流层高层位涡扰动又有正反馈作用,促使台风加强。由于高层高位涡下传对台风强度产生的正影响,及周边高位涡空气的输送、后期冷空气的南移和孟加拉湾、台湾以东洋面热带气旋的发展带来的东、西、北三支高位涡空气的注入,台风“尤特”生成后强度快速增强、移入南海再次发展及登陆后期低压环流得以长期维持。
The Isentropic Potential Vorticity(IPV)theory is used to Typhoon ‘Utor’ which seriously impacted the southern China in 2013.The result showed that: during the activity of ‘Utor’,the upper-level high Potential Vorticity(PV)over the top of the circulation center transported downward with typhoon movement,and the intensity and position of upper-level high PV transmission downward were close related to typhoon intensity and moving direction changed,the performance are typhoon movement generally along the long axis direction of the IPV distribution,PV increased in upper-level,the central pressure decreased,the intensify strengthen.The upper-level high PV transported downward,the dynamic tropopause descended and led to a cyclone circulation in front of the PV anomaly area,resulted in generating vortex or cyclone,and impactied typhoon movement.The cyclone circulation had a positive feedback on the upper-level PV,that was advantaged to typhoon.Because of the positive influence of the upper-level high PV transmission downward to typhoon intensity,and the high PV air around was transported,and the cold air moved southward in later period,the tropical cyclones generated at Bay of Bengal and the northwest Pacific,at the east of Taiwan,totally,three high PV streams transported into ‘Utor’ from east,west and north.As a result,‘Utor’ strengthened quickly in the early stage,developed again when it moved into South China Sea,maintained for a long time after landing.
[1]Ertel H.1942.Ein Neuer Hydrodynamischer Wirbelsatz[J].Meteorologische Zeitschrift,59:271-281.
[2]Hoskins B J,McIntyre M E,Robertson A W.1985.On the use andsignificance of isentropic potential vorticity maps[J].Quart J Roy Meteor Soc,111(470):877-946.
[3]Martin J E,Marsili N.2002.Surface cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean.Part II: Piecewise potential vorticity diagnosis of a rapid cyclolysis event[J].Mon Wea Rev,2002,130(5):1264-1281.
[4]Rossby C G.1940.Planetory flow patterns in the atmosphere[J].Quart J Roy Meteor Soc,66(suppl):68-87.
[5]丁治英,邢蕊,徐海明,等.2012.南亚高压南部环境位涡对台风加强的影响分析[J].热带气象学报,28(5):675-686.Ding Zhiying,Xing Rui,Xu Haiming,et al.2012.Effect of environmental potential vorticity at the South edge of South Asia high on intensification of typhoon[J].J Trop Meteor,28(5):675-686.
[6]候定臣.1991.夏季江淮气旋的ERTEL位涡诊断分析[J].气象学报,49(2):140-150.Hou Dingshen.1991.The potential vorticity structure of summer cyclones over the Changjing-Huaihe valley[J].Acta Meteor Sinica,49(2):140-150.
[7]候定臣,庄小兰,黄燕波.1997.9012号台风暴雨过程的位涡分析[J].南京气象学院学报,20(1):64-70.Hou Dingchen,Zhuang Xiaolan,Huang Yanbo.1997.Analysis of potential vorticity in rainstorm realated to typhoon 9012[J].J Nanjing Insti Meteor,20(l):64-70.
[8]胡伯威.2003.关于位涡理论及其应用的几点看法[J].南京气象学院气象学报,26(1):111-115.Hu Bowei.2003.Some opinions about the“potential vorticity thinking”and its applications[J].J Nanjing Insti Meteor,26(1):111-115.
[9]季亮,费建芳.2009a.登陆台风等熵面位涡演变的数值模拟研究[J].气象,35(3):66-72.Ji Liang,Fei Jianfang.2009a.Numerical simulation of the evolvement of potential vorticity of landfall tropical cyclone on isentropic surface[J].Meteor Mon,35(3):66-72.
[10]季亮,费建芳.2009b.副热带高压对登陆台风等熵面位涡演变影响的数值模拟研究[J].大气科学,33(6):1297-1308.Ji Liang,Fei Jianfang.2009b.Numerical simulation of the effect of subtropical anticyclone on the evolvement of potential vorticity of landfall typhoon on isentropic surface[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,33(6):1297-1308.
[11]黎惠金,李江南,肖辉,等.2010.2008年初南方低温雨雪冰冻事件的等熵位涡分析[J].高原气象,29(5):1196-1207.Li Huijin,Li Jingnan,Xiao Hui,et al.2010.Isentropic potential vorticity analysis on the events of low-temperature freezing rain and snow in Southern China in early 2008[J].Plateau Meteor,29(5):1196-1207.
[12]李英,陈联寿,雷小途.2005.Winnie(1997)和Bilis(2000)变性过程的湿位涡分析[J].热带气象学报,21(2):142-152.Li Ying,Chen Lianshou,Lei Xiaotu.2005.Moisture potential vorticity analysis on the extratropical transition processes of Winnie (1997) and Bilis (2000)[J].J Trop Meteor,21(2):142-152.
[13]刘晓冉,李国平.2014.一次东移型西南低涡的数值模拟及位涡诊断[J].高原气象,33(5): 1204-1216.Liu Xiaoran,Li Guoping.2014.Numerical simulation and potential vorticity diagnosis of an eastward moving southwest vortex[J].Plateau Meteor,33(5):1204-1216.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00151.
[14]邱静雅,李国平,郝丽萍.2015.高原涡与西南涡相互作用引发四川暴雨的位涡诊断[J].高原气象,34(6):1556-1565.Qiu Jingya,Li Guoping,Hao Liping.2015.Diagnostic analysis of potential vorticity on a heavy rain in Sichuan Basin under interaction between plateau vortex and southwest vortex[J].Plateau Meteor,34(6):1556-1565.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00117.
[15]吴迪,楚志刚,闫立奇.2015.东北冷涡发展过程的位涡收支分析[J].高原气象,34(1):103-112.Wu Di,Chu Zhigang,Yan Liqi.2015.Analysis on potantial vorticity budget on a development process of cold vortex over Northeast China[J].Plateau Meteor,34(2):103-112.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00121.
[16]于玉斌,姚秀萍.2000.对华北一次特大暴雨过程的位涡诊断分析[J].高原气象,19(1):111-120.Yu Yubin,Yao Xiuping.2000.The diagnosis analysis of potential vorticity for a severe typhoon rainstorm in North China[J].Plateau Meteor,19(1):111-120.
[17]赵其庚.1990.侵入青藏高原冷空气过程的等熵位涡分析[J].气象,16(9):9-14.Zhao Qigeng.1990.An analysis with isentropic potential vorticity on a cold wave entering the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Meteor Mon,16(9):9-14.
[18]赵其庚.1991.等熵位涡图的性质及其在动力分析和预报中的应用[J].气象,17(6):3-11.Zhao Qigeng.1991.The characteristics of isentropic potential vorticity maps and their application to dynamical analysis and prediction[J].Meteor Mon,17(6):3-11.
[19]周毅,寇正,王云峰.1998a.气旋快速发展过程中潜热释放重要性的位涡反演诊断[J].气象科学,18(4):355-360.Zhou Yi,Kou Zheng,Wang Yunfong.1998a.Potential vorticity invertibility diagnatic about the importance of latent heat in the cyclone rapid development process[J].Scientia Meteor Sinica,18(4):355-360.
[20]周毅,寇正,王云峰.1998b.气旋生成机制的位涡反演诊断[J].气象科学,18(2):121-127.Zhou Yi,Kou Zheng,Wang Yunfong.1998b.Potential vorticity invertibility diagnostic of cyclogenesis mechanism[J].Scientia Meteor Sinica,18(2):121-127.
