高原气象

高原气象 >

2016 , Vol. 35 >Issue 4: 854 - 864

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00066

论文

青藏高原地区夏季两次强降水过程中重力波特征分析

  • 吴迪 ,
  • 王澄海 ,
  • 何光碧
展开
  • 兰州大学大气科学学院甘肃省干旱气候变化及减灾重点实验室, 兰州 730000;2. 中国气象局成都高原气象研究所, 成都 610072

收稿日期: 2015-02-02

  网络出版日期: 2016-08-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（91337215，91437217，41275061，41471034）；干旱气象科学研究--我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理行业专项（GYHY201506001）

收起

Gravity Wave Characteristics in Two Summer Heavy Rainfall in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

  • WU Di ,
  • WANG Chenghai ,
  • HE Guangbi
Expand
  • Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610072, China

Received date: 2015-02-02

  Online published: 2016-08-28

Fold

摘要

为了更为全面地认识高原地区重力波对暴雨发生发展的影响，利用中尺度数值模式WRF（V3.5.1）对青藏高原东部地区2007年8月25日和2011年8月14日发生的两次强降水过程进行了模拟，分析了降水过程中的重力波特征及其与强降水之间的联系。结果表明，模拟结果较好地再现了这两次强降水过程，降水过程中的垂直速度场和散度场交替式运动完整地表现出波的传播特征，其伴随的上升运动和降水也有着密切的联系。分析Richardson数表明，5～6 km高度上垂直切变不稳定出现的时间先于这些波传播的发生，随着波动的增强，垂直切变逐渐减弱，垂直切变的不稳定气流为重力波提供能量，垂直切变和Richardson数可作为下游地区暴雨预报的指标和依据。同时，Morlet小波分析的结果表明，两次过程中主要是中尺度重力波，其中较长波长的重力波出现时间早，持续时间长，对强降水过程的加强起主要作用。这些表明中尺度重力波是该地区中尺度强降水发生的动力机制之一，在该地区夏季强降水过程中扮演着重要角色。重力波的分析有助于对该地区强降水过程的理解，进而提高青藏高原地区降水的预报能力。

关键词： 数值模拟; 重力波; Richardson数; 小波分析

本文引用格式

吴迪 , 王澄海 , 何光碧 . 青藏高原地区夏季两次强降水过程中重力波特征分析[J]. 高原气象, 2016 , 35(4) : 854 -864 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00066

Abstract

For a more comprehensive understanding the impact of mesoscale gravity waves on the occurrence and development of heavy rain over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, two heavy rainfall events in the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau are simulated by using the mesoscale model WRF (V3.5.1), the gravity wave characteristics and the connection between the heavy rainfall events are investigated. The results show that the simulation results well reproduce the two heavy rainfall process, the propagation characteristics of wave were represented by the alternative movement of vertical velocity and divergence respectively, and the ascending movement is closely associated with the development of precipitation. The analysis of the Richardson number show that vertical shear instability at 5 km to 6 km appears before the waves occur, with the signal of waves intensifying, the vertical shear start to weaken. It is shown that the gravity wave can extract energy from the unstable airflow of vertical shear. Vertical shear and Richardson number can be as an indicator of the heavy rainfall forecast in the downstream. The mesoscale gravity waves in two heavy rains were identified by using the Morlet wavelet method, the gravity waves which have longer wavelength are generated early and disappear late, and which plays an major role in reinforcing the precipitation processes. All above indicate that development of mesoscale gravity wave is one of the dynamic mechanisms resulting in heavy rain and plays an important role in the process of summer heavy rain in the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau. The gravity wave analysis contributes to our understanding of the heavy rain process in the region, and improves prediction ability of the Tibetan Plateau area precipitation.

Key words： Numerical simulation; Gravity wave; Richardson number; Wavelet analysis

参考文献

[1]Stobie J G, Einaudi F, Uccellini L W.1983.A case study of gravity waves-convective storms interaction:9 May 1979[J].J Atmos Sci, 40(12):2804-2830.
[2]Uccellini L W, Koch S E.1987.The synoptic setting and possible energy sources for mesoscale wave disturbances[J].Mon Wea Rev, 115(3):721-729.
[3]Uccellini L W.1975.A case study of apparent gravity wave initiation of severe convective storms[J].Mon Wea Rev, 103(6):497-513.
[4]Wang L, Ding Z Y, Liu L.2011.Study on the influences of GWDO parameterization scheme and terrain on a rainstorm in Dabie Mountain[J].Meteor Environ Res, 2(6):61-66.
[5]陈丹, 陈泽宇, 吕达仁.2011.台风"麦莎"(Matsa)诱发平流层重力波的数值模拟[J].中国科学, 41(12):1786-1794.Chen Dan, Chen Zeyu, Lü Daren.2011.Simulation of the stratospheric gravity waves generated by the typhoon ‘Matsa’ in 2005[J].Sci China Earth Sci, 41(12):1786-1794.
[6]陈静, 娇梅燕, 李川.2003.青藏高原东侧一次β中尺度对流系统的数值模拟[J].高原气象, 22(增刊1):90-101.Chen Jing, Jiao Meiyan, Li Chuan.2003.Numerical simulation of meso-β-scale convective system of "9.18" heavy rainstorm on the east side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor, 22(Suppl):90-101.
[7]龚佃利, 吴增茂, 傅刚.2005.一次华北强对流风暴的中尺度特征分析[J].大气科学, 29(3):453-464.Gong Dianli, Wu Zengmao, Fu Gang.2005.Analysis of the mesoscale characteristics abouts severe thunderstorm in North China[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci, 29(3):453-464.
[8]郭大梅, 刘勇, 马晓华, 等.2015.一次异常路径持续强降水中尺度对流系统分析[J].高原气象, 34(6):1648-1657.Guo Damei, Liu Yong, Ma Xiaohua, et al.2015.Analysis on unusual path associated with mesoscale convective system in a continuous heavy rain[J].Plateau Meteor, 34(6):1648-1657.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00076.
[9]何光碧, 师锐.2014.三次高原切变线过程演变特征及其对降水的影响[J].高原气象, 33(3):615-625.He Guangbi, Shi Rui.2014.Analysis on evolution characteristics of three plateau shearlines and their effect on precipitation[J].Plateau Meteor, 33(3):615-625.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00023.
[10]何光碧, 屠妮妮, 张利红, 等.2013.青藏高原东侧一次低涡暴雨过程地形影响的数值试验[J].高原气象, 32(6):1546-1556.He Guangbi, Tu Nini, Zhang Lihong, et al.2013.Numerical experiment of terrain effect of vortex rainstorm process on east side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor, 32(6):1546-1556.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00150.
[11]何光碧.2006.高原东侧陡峭地形对一次盆地中尺度涡旋及暴雨的数值实验[J].高原气象, 25(3):430-441.He Guangbi.2006.Simulation of impact of steep terrain on east side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on mesoscale vortex and rain storm over the basin[J].Plateau Meteor, 25(3):430-441.
[12]李麦村.1978.重力波对特大暴雨的触发作用[J].大气科学, 2(3):201-209.Li Maicun.1978.Studies on the gravity wave initiation of the excessively heavy rainfall[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci, 2(3):201-209.
[13]李一平, 德勒格日玛, 江靖, 等.2014.呼和浩特市连续两日短时强降水天气对比分析[J].高原气象, 33(6):1654-1664.Li Yiping, Dele Gerima, Jiang Jing, et al.2014.Comparative analysis on continuous two-day short time strong precipitation in Huhhot[J].Plateau Meteor, 33(6):1654-1664.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00100.
[14]刘运成, 王澄海, 隆霄.2008.非地转湿Q矢量在川北大暴雨过程分析中的应用[J].山地学报, 26(4):445-452.Liu Yuncheng, Wang Chenghai, Long Xiao.2008.Ageostrophic wet Q-vector analysis and its application to a heavy rainstorm in North Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Mountain Science, 26(4):445-452.
[15]任余龙, 杨文月, 武学琴, 等.2010.青藏高原东部边缘一次大暴雨发生机制研究[J].干旱气象, 28(3):315-321.Ren Yulong, Yang Wenyue, Wu Xueqin, et al.2010.Research on the mechanism of a heavy rain occurred in the eastern edge of Tibetan Plateau[J].Arid Meteor, 28(3):315-321.
[16]寿绍文, 励申申, 寿亦宣, 等.2009.中尺度气象学[M].北京:气象出版社, 55-56.Shou Shaowen, Li Shenshen, Shou Yixuan, et al.2009.Mesoscale Meteorology[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 55-56.
[17]覃卫坚, 寿绍文, 高守亭, 等.2010.一次冰雹过程的惯性重力波观测及数值模拟[J].地球物理学报, 53(5):1039-1049.Qin Weijian, Shou Shaowen, Gao Shouting, et al.2010.Numerical study of the dynamical mechanism of inertial gravity waves in hail storm process[J].Chinese J Geophysics, 53(5):1039-1049.
[18]覃卫坚, 寿绍文, 李启泰, 等.2007.影响惯性重力波活动规律的动力学因子研究[J].高原气象, 26(3):519-524.Qin Weijian, Shou Shaowen, Li Qitai, et al.2007.Research on the dynamics factors influencing development of inertial gravity waves[J].Plateau Meteor, 26(3):519-524.
[19]屠妮妮, 陈静, 何光碧.2008.高原东侧一次大暴雨过程动力热力特征分析[J].高原气象, 27(4):796-806.Tu Nini, Chen Jing, He Guangbi.2008.Dynamical and thermal character analyses of a heavy rain on the east side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor, 27(4):796-806.
[20]王澄海, 胡菊, 靳双龙.2013.2009年中国一次沙尘暴过程中的水汽变化特征及WRF回报[J].中国沙漠, 33(1):205-213.Wang Chenghai, Hu Ju, Jin Shuanglong.2013.The vapor characteristics in a dust storm and verification of WRF hindcast[J].J Desert Res, 33(1):205-213.
[21]王坤, 张飞民, 孙超, 等.2014.WRF-WSM3微物理方案在青藏高原地区暴雪模拟中的改进及试验[J].大气科学, 38(1):101-109.Wang Kun, Zhang Feimin, Sun Chao, et al.2014.Development and validation of WRF-WSM3 scheme in simulation of snowstorm in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci, 38(1):101-109.
[22]王志远.2012.青藏高原东北部一次区域性暴雨天气形成机理分析[J].青海气象, (4):2-6.Wang Zhiyuan.2012.The formation mechanism analyses of a regional heavy rain on the northeast of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].J Qinghai Meteor, (4):2-6.
[23]吴国雄, 刘屹岷, 刘新, 等.2005.青藏高原加热如何影响亚洲夏季的气候格局[J].大气科学, 29(1):47-56.Wu Guoxiong, Liu Yimin, Liu Xin, et al.2005.How the heating over the Tibetan Plateau affects the Asian climate in summer[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci, 29(1):47-56.
[24]吴泽, 范广州, 周定文, 等.2014.基于WRF模式的雅安暴雨数值模拟研究[J].高原气象, 33(5):1332-1340.Wu Ze, Fan Guangzhou, Zhou Dingwen, et al.2014.Numerical simulation of the rainstorm process in Ya'an based on WRF model[J].Plateau Meteor, 33(5):1332-1340.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00084.
[25]徐国强, 杨学胜, 黄丽萍, 等.2010.GRAPES中地形重力波拖曳物理过程的引进和应用试验[J].气象学报, 68(5):631-639.Xu Guoqiang, Yang Xuesheng, Huang Liping, et al.2010.Introducing and application testing of the orographic gravity wave drag parameterization physics in the GRAPES[J].Acta Meteor Sinica, 68(5):631-639.
[26]徐燚, 闫敬华, 王谦谦, 等.2013.华南暖区暴雨的一种低层重力波触发机制[J].高原气象, 32(4):1050-1061.Xu Yi, Yan Jinghua, Wang Qianqian.2013.A low-level gravity wave triggering mechanism for rainstrom of warm zone in South China[J].Plateau Meteor, 32(4):1050-1061.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00100.
[27]许小峰, 孙照勃.2003.非地转平衡流激发的重力惯性波对梅雨锋暴雨影响的动力学研究[J].气象学报, 61(6):655-664.Xu Xiaofeng, Sun Zhaobo.2003.Dynamic study on influence of gravity wave induced by unbalanced flow on Meiyu front heavy rain[J].Acta Meteor Sinica, 61(6):655-664.
[28]叶笃正, 高由禧.1979.青藏高原气象学[M].北京:科学出版社, 1.Ye Duzheng, Gao Youxi.1979.Tibetan Plateau meteorology[M].Beijing:Science Press, 1.
[29]张之贤, 张强, 赵庆云, 等.2013.陇东南地区中尺度物理量分布特征及其短历时强降水的关系[J].干旱区资源与环境, 27(12):193-197.Zhang Zhixian, Zhang Qiang, Zhao Qingyun, et al.2013.The characters of mesoscale physical quantities and the relationship to the short-duration heavy precipitation in Northeast Gansu[J].J Arid Land Resour Environ, 27(12): 193-197.
[30]赵玉春, 王叶红.2010.高原涡诱生西南涡特大暴雨成因的个例研究[J].高原气象, 29(4):819-831.Zhao Yuchun, Wang Yehong.2010.A case study on plateau vortex inducing southwest vortex and producing extremely heavy rain[J].Plateau Meteor, 29(4):819-831.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发 技术支持：support@magtech.com.cn