论文

青藏高原地区夏季两次强降水过程中重力波特征分析

  • 吴迪 ,
  • 王澄海 ,
  • 何光碧
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  • 兰州大学大气科学学院甘肃省干旱气候变化及减灾重点实验室, 兰州 730000;2. 中国气象局成都高原气象研究所, 成都 610072

收稿日期: 2015-02-02

  网络出版日期: 2016-08-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(91337215,91437217,41275061,41471034);干旱气象科学研究--我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理行业专项(GYHY201506001)

Gravity Wave Characteristics in Two Summer Heavy Rainfall in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

  • WU Di ,
  • WANG Chenghai ,
  • HE Guangbi
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  • Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610072, China

Received date: 2015-02-02

  Online published: 2016-08-28

摘要

为了更为全面地认识高原地区重力波对暴雨发生发展的影响,利用中尺度数值模式WRF(V3.5.1)对青藏高原东部地区2007年8月25日和2011年8月14日发生的两次强降水过程进行了模拟,分析了降水过程中的重力波特征及其与强降水之间的联系。结果表明,模拟结果较好地再现了这两次强降水过程,降水过程中的垂直速度场和散度场交替式运动完整地表现出波的传播特征,其伴随的上升运动和降水也有着密切的联系。分析Richardson数表明,5~6 km高度上垂直切变不稳定出现的时间先于这些波传播的发生,随着波动的增强,垂直切变逐渐减弱,垂直切变的不稳定气流为重力波提供能量,垂直切变和Richardson数可作为下游地区暴雨预报的指标和依据。同时,Morlet小波分析的结果表明,两次过程中主要是中尺度重力波,其中较长波长的重力波出现时间早,持续时间长,对强降水过程的加强起主要作用。这些表明中尺度重力波是该地区中尺度强降水发生的动力机制之一,在该地区夏季强降水过程中扮演着重要角色。重力波的分析有助于对该地区强降水过程的理解,进而提高青藏高原地区降水的预报能力。

本文引用格式

吴迪 , 王澄海 , 何光碧 . 青藏高原地区夏季两次强降水过程中重力波特征分析[J]. 高原气象, 2016 , 35(4) : 854 -864 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00066

Abstract

For a more comprehensive understanding the impact of mesoscale gravity waves on the occurrence and development of heavy rain over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, two heavy rainfall events in the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau are simulated by using the mesoscale model WRF (V3.5.1), the gravity wave characteristics and the connection between the heavy rainfall events are investigated. The results show that the simulation results well reproduce the two heavy rainfall process, the propagation characteristics of wave were represented by the alternative movement of vertical velocity and divergence respectively, and the ascending movement is closely associated with the development of precipitation. The analysis of the Richardson number show that vertical shear instability at 5 km to 6 km appears before the waves occur, with the signal of waves intensifying, the vertical shear start to weaken. It is shown that the gravity wave can extract energy from the unstable airflow of vertical shear. Vertical shear and Richardson number can be as an indicator of the heavy rainfall forecast in the downstream. The mesoscale gravity waves in two heavy rains were identified by using the Morlet wavelet method, the gravity waves which have longer wavelength are generated early and disappear late, and which plays an major role in reinforcing the precipitation processes. All above indicate that development of mesoscale gravity wave is one of the dynamic mechanisms resulting in heavy rain and plays an important role in the process of summer heavy rain in the eastern part of Tibetan Plateau. The gravity wave analysis contributes to our understanding of the heavy rain process in the region, and improves prediction ability of the Tibetan Plateau area precipitation.

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