一次温带气旋特殊移动路径及其结构和成因分析

熊秋芬; 苟尚; 张昕

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00063

高原气象 >

2016 , Vol. 35 >Issue 4: 1060 - 1072

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00063

论文

一次温带气旋特殊移动路径及其结构和成因分析

熊秋芬 ,
苟尚 ,
张昕

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中国气象局气象干部培训学院, 北京 100081;2. 兰州中心气象台, 兰州 730020

收稿日期: 2014-09-17

网络出版日期: 2016-08-28

基金资助

国家科技支撑项目（2012BAC22B01）；国家自然科学基金项目（41475041，41475042）

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Structure and Mechanism Analysis of An Extratropical Cyclone on A Cyclonic Track

XIONG Qiufen ,
GOU Shang ,
ZHANG Xin

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China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081, China;2. Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observation, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received date: 2014-09-17

Online published: 2016-08-28

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摘要

为了更全面地了解温带气旋的结构和形成原因，利用常规高空、地面观测、NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料和FY-2E水汽图像等资料，分析了2014年6月6-10日发生在华北及东北温带气旋的强度和移动路径、环流背景及结构和成因等。结果表明：（1）在发展阶段，地面气旋中心气压变化不大，但以逆时针旋转的路径移动；当地面气旋中心与高层低涡中心在同一垂直轴线上时，气旋停止发展。（2）以异常路径移动的气旋发生在500 hPa大尺度环流多次调整的背景下。当气旋上游贝加尔湖至我国新疆南部的高压脊发展时，气旋初生；当气旋下游日本岛东部至鄂霍次克海高压脊发展时，气旋发展。（3）当正相对涡度随高度向西倾斜、气旋中心上空对流层低层正相对涡度首先加大、且其西侧的冷锋锋区增强、随后气旋中心上空整层正相对涡度增大时，地面气旋处于发展过程中；当高低层正相对涡度垂直重合、且对流层低层冷锋锋区减弱，则气旋停止发展。（4）对流层上层具有高值位涡的干空气逐渐进入地面气旋中心上空的湿区时，高位涡所携带的高空正涡度平流辐散作用使得低层辐合加强、绝对涡度增大，引起地面气压下降。（5）气旋中心上空的对流层中层暖平流和高层较大的正涡度平流使得垂直上升速度增强，气旋逐步发展；地面气旋中心总是沿中低层暖平流和其下游高低层微差涡度平流较大的区域移动。

关键词： 温带气旋; 气旋式路径; 结构; 位涡; 成因; 准地转理论

本文引用格式

熊秋芬 , 苟尚 , 张昕 . 一次温带气旋特殊移动路径及其结构和成因分析[J]. 高原气象, 2016 , 35(4) : 1060 -1072 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00063

Abstract

The extratropical cyclone is the low vortex in the mid-latitude region associated with the baroclinic polar front. It is an important weather system that could reault in heavyrain, snowstorm, sandstorm, strong wind and storm tide on the sea. For a comprehensive understanding of structure and mechanism analysis of an extratropical cyclone, the analysis of the intensity, background, potential vorticity and advection of the extratropical cyclone on a cyclonic track that occurred from 6 to 10 June 2014 was done using conventional observations, NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data and water vapor images from FY-2E. The result showed that: (1) The extratropical cyclone was deepening slowly, but it moved cyclonically on a curve path. The moving circle in the low troposphere is larger than that in the high troposphere, it stopped deepening when the center of the surface cyclone coincided with the center of the upper-level low vortex. (2) The extratropical cyclone with a cyclonic track was caused by the adjustment on 500 hPa in circulation of the ridge in Lake Baikal and Xinjiang which had developed during cyclogenesis, then the ridge in Okhotsk, Japan was strengthened while the surface cyclone had begun deepening. (3) The positive relativity vorticity tilted westward with height. The positive relativity vorticity in the lower layer of the troposphere was the first to enlarge, then the positive relativity vorticities in the entire troposphere were strengthened while the development of the surface cyclone. The front zone were intensified during the extratropical cyclone deepening, and it was weakening while the positive relative vorticities at different levels were vertically overlapped. (4) When the upper-level dry air with high potential vorticity was descending into moisture area, the upper-level positive vorticity advection resulted in convergence in the lower layer of the troposphere and development of surface low. (5) It was also found by quasi-geostrophic theory that warm advection and strong positive vorticity advection with upward vertical velocity in the middle troposphere intensified the surface cyclone, and the surface low moved into the regions of warm advection and differential vorticity advection between the upper level and low level downstream. The baroclinic instability with thermal advection is main mechanism of the formation and development of the extratropical cyclone.

Key words： Extratropical cyclon; Cyclonic track; Structure; Potential vorticity; Mechanism; Quasi-geostrophic th

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