高原气象

高原气象 >

2016 , Vol. 35 >Issue 5: 1233 - 1247

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00071

论文

张掖绿洲-荒漠区域近地层微气象与水热交换特征

  • 张芬 ,
  • 刘绍民 ,
  • 徐自为 ,
  • 王介民 ,
  • 朱忠礼
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  • 北京师范大学遥感科学国家重点实验室/地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京 100875;重庆市气候中心, 重庆 401147;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州 730000

收稿日期: 2014-10-24

  网络出版日期: 2016-10-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（91425303，41301355）

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Characteristics of Micrometeorology and Energy Transfer in the Surface Layer over the Zhangye Oasis-Desert Area

  • ZHANG Fen ,
  • LIU Shaomin ,
  • XU Ziwei ,
  • WANG Jiemin ,
  • ZHU Zhongli
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  • State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;Chongqing Climate Center, Chongqing 401147, China;Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2014-10-24

  Online published: 2016-10-28

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摘要

利用张掖2012年5-9月“非均匀下垫面地表蒸散发的多尺度观测试验：通量观测矩阵”数据，结合同步观测的航空和卫星遥感图像，分析了绿洲-荒漠区域近地层气象要素、辐射和能量收支特征。结果表明：（1）相对于荒漠，绿洲表现出冷、湿、风屏、增雨等“绿洲效应”。在不同的天气背景下，绿洲与荒漠及绿洲内不同田块之间存在不同尺度的相互作用过程；平流发生时，绿洲近地层出现逆温，且湿度上升，临近戈壁的近地层湿度也上升；绿洲灌溉后气温达峰值的时间滞后；在大风天，绿洲、荒漠的风向比较一致，而小风天则受到局地环流影响，绿洲内、外风向不一致。绿洲降水量大于荒漠。绿洲土壤水分明显大于荒漠，且绿洲为灌溉控制型，荒漠为降水控制型。（2）绿洲与荒漠的太阳总辐射一致；绿洲的大气逆辐射稍大；荒漠地表反射辐射和地表长波辐射明显偏大，净辐射则偏小。（3）绿洲潜热通量远大于荒漠，土壤热通量和感热通量小于荒漠；绿洲的能量输送以潜热通量为主；荒漠以感热通量为主。晴天下午绿洲经常出现感热通量为负，潜热通量超过净辐射的现象平流/局地环流。由于风场以及绿洲-荒漠水热条件差异程度不同，绿洲不同站点平流出现的时间及强度不同。

关键词： 绿洲荒漠; 微气象; 辐射; 能量

本文引用格式

张芬 , 刘绍民 , 徐自为 , 王介民 , 朱忠礼 . 张掖绿洲-荒漠区域近地层微气象与水热交换特征[J]. 高原气象, 2016 , 35(5) : 1233 -1247 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00071

Abstract

Based on dataset of'The Multi-Scale Observation Experiment on Evapotranspiration over heterogeneous land surfaces of the Heihe Water Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER-MUSOEXE)-flux observation matrix'conducted in the Zhangye oasis-desert area in 2012, the variation characteristics of micrometeorology and energy fluxes were analyzed combing synchronous airborne and satellite remote sensing image. The results showed that: (1) The oasis exhibited significant'oasis effect'with the phenomena of cold, wet, wind barrier, and enhancing rain while comparing to desert. The interaction process of different scales occurred in the internal oasis and between oasis and desert under different weather background. The temperature inversion and humidity increasing were found in the oasis when advection occurred, and the humidity also increased in the nearby desert at the same time. There was a phase lag of air temperature after the irrigations in oasis. The precipitation in oasis was greater than that in the desert. The soil moisture in oasis was greater than that in desert, and it was controlled by irrigations in oasis, but it was controlled by precipitation in desert. (2) The daily cycles and magnitude of incoming shortwave radiation were similar in the oasis and desert. The incoming longwave radiation in oasis was greater than that in desert. The outgoing shortwave/longwave radiation in desert were obviously greater than that in oasis, and the net radiation was relatively small. (3) The latent heat flux in oasis was significantly greater than that in desert, whereas the soil heat flux and sensible heat flux in oasis were lower. The energy transfer of oasis was dominated by latent heat flux, while it was dominated by sensible heat flux in desert. The phenomenons of negative sensible heat flux, large latent heat flux even over the net radiation were observed in sunny afternoon in the oasis. Due to the discrepancy of wind field and the water vapor and heat conditions in oasis and desert, the occurrence time and intensity of advection was different at each site in oasis.

Key words： Oasis-Desert; Micrometeorology; Radiation flux; Energy flux

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