利用2001-2011年NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料对影响西北地区东部的天气环流形势进行分型，分析了各类天气型下短时强降水的时空特征和气候特征，以短时强降水发生的时间和环流状态为着眼点，结合能量天气学理论分类建立了西北地区东部短时强降水的低涡型、低槽型、两高切变型和西南气流型等4类天气学中尺度概念模型。结果表明：西北地区东部区域性短时强降水事件的天气型有明显的季节性特点和区域性特征。时间上，春末夏初和秋季主要为低槽型短时强降水，而盛夏主要为西南气流型和两高切变型；空间上，戈壁荒漠区以低槽型短时强降水为主，青藏高原东北边坡区以西南气流型为主，而黄土高原区和秦岭以南区以西南气流型和低槽型为主。
To study the temporal, spatial and climatic characteristics of short-time heavy rainfall in the east of Northwest China, by using the NCEP/NCAR 1° ×1° reanalysis data during 2001-2011 to classify the weather circulation situation which influences the east of Northwest China, focusing on the time and circulation state when the short-time heavy rainfall happens, together with the energy theory, four synoptic scale concept models is established including low vortex type, low trough type, cut the variant and southwest airflow type. The results show that the regional short-time heavy rainfall events in the east of Northwest China weather type have obvious seasonal characteristics and regional features. Temporally, in late spring and early summer as well as autumn, the short-time heavy rainfall is featured by low trough type while in middle summer, southwest airflow type and two high variant take the dominant role. Spatially, the Gobi desert is mainly home to short-time heavy rainfall of low trough type, the northeast Qinghai Tibet plateau slope zone is given priority to with southwest airflow type of short-time heavy rainfall, the loss plateau and the south of Qinling area is the most of southwest airflow type and low trough type.
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