甘肃陇东南一次大暴雨的中尺度特征分析

王宝鉴; 孔祥伟; 傅朝; 黄玉霞

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00114

高原气象 >

2016 , Vol. 35 >Issue 6: 1551 - 1564

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00114

论文

甘肃陇东南一次大暴雨的中尺度特征分析

王宝鉴 ,
孔祥伟 ,
傅朝 ,
黄玉霞

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兰州中心气象台, 兰州 730020

收稿日期: 2014-12-10

网络出版日期: 2016-12-28

基金资助

中国气象局气象预报业务关键技术发展专项（CMAHX20160214）；2015年国土资源部行业专项（201511053）；中国气象局预报员专项（CMAYBY2015-079）

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Analysis on Mesoscale Characteristics of a Rainstorm Process in Southeastern Gansu

WANG Baojian ,
KONG Xiangwei ,
FU Zhao ,
HUANG Yuxia

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Center of Lanzhou Meteorological Observatory, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received date: 2014-12-10

Online published: 2016-12-28

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摘要

2013年6月19-20日在甘肃陇东南出现一次罕见的暖区降水和切变线降水共同造成的区域性大暴雨过程，暖区降水强度大、持续时间长、强降水范围集中、中尺度特征明显。利用常规和非常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料等对此次大暴雨天气过程的成因和中尺度特征进行了分析。结果表明，暖区降水时段：对流层低层高湿有利于降低暖区降水对抬升条件的要求，并与中层温度冷槽配合形成不稳定层结，前期低层的逆温层也有利于不稳定能量的堆积；低层垂直风切变、低空急流和地形抬升在对流触发和维持中具有重要作用，徽成盆地是生成对流单体的主要源地；中尺度对流系统具有暖云降水特点，质心低，降水效率高，且具有明显的后向传播和“列车效应”特征。切变线降水时段：受对流层中层暖平流、正涡度平流和低层冷空气侵入影响，武都涡不断发展加强；对流层湿层厚度增加，热力不稳定条件明显减弱，在低空切变线、武都涡和地面辐合线附近形成大范围的稳定性降水。

关键词： 暖区暴雨; 低空急流; 低空切变线; 武都涡; 低质心

本文引用格式

王宝鉴 , 孔祥伟 , 傅朝 , 黄玉霞 . 甘肃陇东南一次大暴雨的中尺度特征分析[J]. 高原气象, 2016 , 35(6) : 1551 -1564 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00114

Abstract

A rare torrential rainfall process which show the long lasting, strong concentrating and obvious mesoscale characteristics attacked southeastern Gansu province on 19-20 June 2013. This rainfall process consisted of 76.8% warm-area precipitation and low-level shear line precipitation. The causes of torrential rainfall and characteristics of mesoscale system are studied in detail by using conventional and unconventional observation data, NCEP reanalysis data, satellite data and Tianshui radar data. During the period of warm-area precipitation, it shows that the related circulation patternare similar to the typical circulation patternin this area. However, thelow-level wind shear shifts westward and the rainfall area isaffected by the warm air. High temperature and high humidity in the low level reduce the LCL and LFC height and weaken the lifting condition, corresponding withthecold trough in the middle level and then forming theunstable stratification. Besides, the low-level temperature inversion in the early stage isalso conducive to the accumulation of unstable energy. On the other hand, the low-level vertical wind shear, jet stream, and the effect of terrain elevation arelikely to play an important role in triggering and maintaining the convection there. The Strong convectioncorrespondsto the low-level jet stream. The convective cells mainly generateoverthe Huixian-Chengxian basin. The mesoscale convective system showthe characteristics of warm cloud precipitation, low-mass center, high efficiency, backward propagation and train effects. During the period of low-level shear line precipitation, the Wudu vortex located overthe northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau developsand strengthensdue to the warm advection, positive vorticity advection in the middle level, and low-level cold air intrusion. Besides, the thickness of wet layer increasesin the troposphere, and the thermal instability condition diminishessignificantly. As a result, the low-level shear line, vortex, and the ground convergence line formthe synoptic-scale upward movement, causing a wide range of stability precipitation. For both the warm-area precipitation and low-level shear line precipitation, there showthree obvious water vapor transportation channel in the lower troposphere:around the east of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from the bay of Bengal, through Central China from the South China Sea, and through East China from the east coast. Warm and moist air areconstantly transported to the torrential rainfall area from the tropical and subtropical and result thewater vapor convergence.

Key words： Warm section rainsto; Low-level jet stream; Low-level shear line; Wudu vortex; Low mass center

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