高原气象

高原气象 >

2017 , Vol. 36 >Issue 1: 24 - 32

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00013

论文

青藏高原沱沱河地区动态融雪过程及其与气温关系分析

  • 周扬 ,
  • 徐维新 ,
  • 白爱娟 ,
  • 张娟 ,
  • 刘晓敬 ,
  • 欧阳建芳
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  • 成都信息工程大学 大气科学学院, 成都 610225;甘肃省气象服务中心, 兰州 730030;青海省气象科学研究所, 西宁 810001;北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京 100875;青海省雷电灾害防御中心, 西宁 810001

收稿日期: 2015-06-11

  网络出版日期: 2017-02-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41173085，31560671）；公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201306054）

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Dynamic Snow-Melting Process and Its Relationship with Air Temperature in Tuotuohe, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

  • ZHOU Yang ,
  • XU Weixin ,
  • BAI Aijuan ,
  • ZHANG Juan ,
  • LIU Xiaojing ,
  • OUYANG Jianfang
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  • Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;The Gansu Province Meteorological Service Center, Lanzhou 730030, China;Meteorological Institute of Qinghai province, Xining 810001, China;School of geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;Lightning Disaster Defense Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China

Received date: 2015-06-11

  Online published: 2017-02-28

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摘要

受自然条件和观测数据的限制，对青藏高原腹地高时间频次积雪融雪动态过程的认识与研究仍不足，利用高原中部沱沱河地区野外观测试验场2013/2014年冬半年积雪深度和气温数据，对发生在11月期间的积雪动态融雪过程及其与气温的关系进行了分析。结果表明，高原中部地区融雪过程表现为先缓后急的总体特征，融雪在雪深较小的后期迅速加快。雪深变化与气温存在紧密联系，融雪过程发生之前3 h之内的气温都显著影响雪深变化，雪深变化与超前30 min及同步气温相关最为显著，线性相关系数分别达到-0.3600和-0.3589，通过了0.01显著性水平检验。考虑温度的滞后效应，沱沱河地区雪深下降在温度>-13℃时就可发生，-4~-2℃是主要消融温度区间，这个温度明显低于中国其他山区积雪消融的临界温度。融雪过程主要发生在12:00-18:00期间，且存在12:00-13:30与16:30-18:00两个快速下降时段，值得注意的是，热量状况最好的14:00-16:00雪深下降并不显著。融雪期日照时数与雪深的相关系数为-0.845，融雪前期气温对雪深影响大于日照时数对雪深的影响，融雪后期日照时数对雪深影响大于气温对雪深的影响，均通过0.01显著性检验水平。融雪过程与热量条件及日照时数间的复杂关系表明，青藏高原腹地积雪的消融与日照时数、雪的形态、消融程度、升华过程等均有一定联系。

关键词： 青藏高原; 积雪; 融雪动态; 气温

本文引用格式

周扬 , 徐维新 , 白爱娟 , 张娟 , 刘晓敬 , 欧阳建芳 . 青藏高原沱沱河地区动态融雪过程及其与气温关系分析[J]. 高原气象, 2017 , 36(1) : 24 -32 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00013

Abstract

The recognition and research of high-frequency dynamic snow-melting process in hinterlands of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are insufficient due to the restriction of natural conditions and observation data.In this paper, every-30-minute snow depth and air temperature synchronous observation data of Tuotuohe area in the winter of 2013-2014 are used to investigate the dynamic snow-melting process in November and its relationship with air temperature.The results indicate that the snow in the Central Qinghai-Xizang Plateau melts slowly at first but then quickly during the whole snowmelt process, and especially rapidly during the last period.The change of snow depth is closely related to the air temperature.3 hours before the snow melting, temperature will significantly affect snow depth change.Significant correlation exists between snow depth and simultaneous or advanced 30 minutes air temperature.The linear correlation coefficients can reach-0.3589 and-0.3600 respectively under significant test of 0.01.Considering the lag effect of temperature, the snow melting has occurred at-13℃.The main snow melting temperature range is from-2℃ to-4℃, which is obviously lower than the snow-melting critical temperature in other mountainous areas of China.The snow melting process mainly occurred during the period of 12:00-18:00.In addition, the snow depth decreases rapidly during 12:00-13:30 and 16:30-18:00.It should be noticed that the snow depth has no obvious variation from 14:00 to 16:00, which seems to supply good heat condition.The correlation coefficient between the snow depth and the sunshine duration is-0.845.In the early stage of snow melting process, air temperature has a stronger impact on snow depth than the sunshine duration, and oppositely in the last stage.Snow melting process has a complex relationship with heat conditions and sunshine duration, indicating that snow ablation is certainly contacted with solar radiation, ablation status, snow characters and sublimation process.

Key words： The Qinghai-Xizang P; Snow cover; Dynamic snow-melting; Air temperature

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