高原气象

高原气象 >

2017 , Vol. 36 >Issue 1: 119 - 128

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00008

论文

中国西南复杂地形区降水观测年际变化代表性问题初步分析

  • 李妮娜 ,
  • 李建
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  • 中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081;中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室, 北京 100081

收稿日期: 2015-03-11

  网络出版日期: 2017-02-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41322034，41675075，91637210）；公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201406001）

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Preliminary Analysis of Representativeness of Precipitation Observation over Southwest China

  • LI Nina ,
  • LI Jian
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  • Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2015-03-11

  Online published: 2017-02-28

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摘要

在中国西南地区，受到复杂地形、台站分布等因素的影响，台站的代表性问题较为突出，文章主要利用降水的年际变率来研究该地区降水资料的代表性问题。首先以大理国家气候观象台为例，定量评估单站的代表性区域，发现受周边南北走向高大山地的影响，大理站降水的代表性区域主要集中在以该站为中心南-北向的狭长带状范围内，面积大致5000 km2。在对单站代表性有一定认识的基础上，结合台站资料及APHRODITE资料开展西南地区的站网覆盖度分析，结果表明台站的覆盖度在台站绝对密度较高及地形平坦的地区呈现高值，覆盖度可达40个站点以上，而在高原主体上，台站的覆盖度低，观测空白区占整个西南地区的15.90%，主要分布于高原主体北侧及西南侧。考虑到降水年际变率的空间差异对台站的代表性有重要影响，最后基于CMORPH卫星资料针对西南地区降水年际变率的空间差异进行研究，发现降水在盆地和高原河谷地区空间差异较小而山脉盆地的过渡区空间差异较大，建议在降水变率空间差异较大的观测空白区设立更多站点。

关键词： 降水; 空间代表性; 站网布局

本文引用格式

李妮娜 , 李建 . 中国西南复杂地形区降水观测年际变化代表性问题初步分析[J]. 高原气象, 2017 , 36(1) : 119 -128 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00008

Abstract

The representativeness of rain gauge stations over southwestern China is a long-standing problem because of the influences of complex topography and local distributions of stations.Based on the interannual variability of precipitation, this paper targets investigating the spatial representativeness of precipitation data.First, the Dali National Climate Observatory was used as an example to quantitatively evaluate the spatial representativeness of a single station, and the result shows that the representative area of the precipitation at Dali station is mainly concentrated on a north-south narrow strip and covers an area about 5000 km2 due to the influences of surrounding north-south-oriented ridges.Based on the understanding of spatial representativeness of a single station, the station network coverage in the current region has been analyzed by using rain gauge data and APHRODITE precipitation data.The results suggest that the spatial coverage of station observation is good at the regions that have high station network density or are flat basins, and the number of stations covering these areas is above 40.It is poor at the main body of Tibetan Plateau, and the area with no observation accounted for 15.90% of the entire southwest region, which is mainly distributed in the north and southwest of plateau body.Considering the importance of spatial differences of interannual precipitation variation to the representativeness of station observations, this problem is further studied based on the CMORPH satellite rainfall data.The spatial difference of rainfall at basins and plateau valleys is small, and the transition regions between mountains and basins have significant difference.We suggest that more stations can be set up over the area with large differences in precipitation variability but without observational stations.

Key words： Precipitation; Spatial representati; Station network dist

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