Using the observation data at Maqu station in integrated climate and environment observation station from Chinese Academy of Sciences from December 2011 to March 2012.The research station is located at Hequ horse farm of the southwest of Maqu County in Gansu Province. It's elevation is 3423 meteors, it's called the first bend of the Yellow River. Its unique location makes the climate cold in winter, the surface of the ground is mainly dominated by alpine meadow and alpine grassland. The three-snow cover process was analyzed, analyzing the different characteristics of the meteorology elements of the near surface between the snow cover and no snow cover, observation results show that: The snowfall process caused by cold air crossing makes the highest and lowest temperature of a day in 2.35 m decrease 10 ℃ in one day, temperature rise slowly after the snowfall, the average rate is 2.5 ℃ every day. The temperature gradient value is negative in the daytime and positive in the night, the absolute value of temperature gradient is larger below 7.17 meteors, and the value of 7.17~18.15 meteors is smaller, its value is less than 0.2 ℃·m-1, the absolute value of 18.15 meteors is decreased to 0.05 ℃·m-1. When the surface is covered with snow, the change trend's appearance in the morning that temperature decreases with height is one hour later than no snow cover, in the evening, the trend of the temperature increases with the increasing of height is one hour ahead. Snow cover reduce distribution range of temperature during the day, the reduction of second snow process is the most obvious because the large wind speed. In addition to 4.2~7.17 meteors for 11:00-16:00 on sunny days, snow cover will decrease the absolute value of temperature gradient in each layer. The absolute value of the 4.2~7.17 meteors temperature gradient in the sunny days is larger than 2.35~4.2 meteors during the period of 11:00-16:00, and the partial large amplitude increase when there is snow cover, it may be caused by the temperature advection that caused by different vegetation cover in the inner and outer surface of the observation field, when the wind speed is large, it will destroy the advection effect, and the temperature tends to be uniform in each layer.
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