论文

近30年黄土高原春季降水特征与春旱变化的关系

  • 王丹云 ,
  • 吕世华 ,
  • 韩博 ,
  • 李照国 ,
  • 潘永洁 ,
  • 孟宪红 ,
  • 奥银焕 ,
  • 王欣
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  • 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室, 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;成都信息工程大学大气科学学院/高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室, 成都 610225;南京信息工程大学 气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京 210044

收稿日期: 2016-09-27

  网络出版日期: 2017-04-28

基金资助

公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201506001);国家自然科学基金项目(91537214,41675015,41605011,41405079)

Characteristics of Spring Precipitation and Their Connections with the Spring Drought over the Loess Plateau during Last Three Decades

  • WANG Danyun ,
  • Lü Shihua ,
  • HAN Bo ,
  • LI Zhaoguo ,
  • PAN Yongjie ,
  • MENG Xianhong ,
  • AO Yinhuan ,
  • WANG Xin
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  • Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chengdu 610225, China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Jiangsu Nanjing 210044, China

Received date: 2016-09-27

  Online published: 2017-04-28

摘要

利用1980-2014年黄土高原52个气象台站观测的降水资料,计算得到了标准化降水指数(SPI),进而比较了黄土高原不同地区近35年春季干旱的时空变化特征。研究发现:春季SPI与春季降水的时间变化较为一致,二者都能反映出1995年,2000年和2001年的三次较严重的春旱,且二者在19802014年间均呈线性减少的趋势。同时,黄土高原春季降水与春季SPI的空间分布却存在一定差别,这主要是因为春季降水的概率密度分布特征在不同站点存在差异。黄土高原北部,一次春季降水量少的发生概率较大,而在高原南部,较大降水概率则对应较多的降水量值。所以,对于黄土高原整体而言,当各区域春季降水偏少,且降水量值相等时,高原南部的春旱更严重;但当各地区春季降水异常量相等时,则在高原北部春旱等级较高。因此,未来黄土高原的春旱不仅受降水量控制,还与春季降水概率密度的分布特征关系密切。

本文引用格式

王丹云 , 吕世华 , 韩博 , 李照国 , 潘永洁 , 孟宪红 , 奥银焕 , 王欣 . 近30年黄土高原春季降水特征与春旱变化的关系[J]. 高原气象, 2017 , 36(2) : 395 -406 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00121

Abstract

Based on the observed precipitation with 52 meteorological stations from 1980 to 2014, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) within the Loess Plateau was calculated. Then the SPI was used to compare the temporal and spatial variation of the spring drought in different regions of the Loess Plateau in recent 35 years. The results showed that the temporal variation of SPI and precipitation in spring were similar. Both of them captured three severe drought events happened in 1995, 2000 and 2001; And their linear trends for 1980-2014 were negative. However, the spatial patterns of spring precipitation and spring SPI were different due to the difference of the probability density distribution about spring precipitation with different stations. The probability of light precipitation is higher in the northern than in southern Loess Plateau, and the heavy rainfall is more likely to happen in the southern region. For the whole Loess Plateau, if the spring precipitation is short but equal for everywhere in Loess Plateau, then the southern region might meet a severe drought measured by SPI. If the precipitation anomaly is negative and equal for everywhere, then the drought is more severe in the northern region. Therefore, the level of spring drought in the Loess Plateau are not only controlled by the amount of spring precipitation, but also determined by the probability density distribution of precipitation for different regions.

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