黄河中游一次大暴雨的观测分析与数值模拟

赵桂香; 薄燕青; 邱贵强; 朱煜

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00093

高原气象 >

2017 , Vol. 36 >Issue 2: 436 - 454

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00093

论文

黄河中游一次大暴雨的观测分析与数值模拟

赵桂香 ,
薄燕青 ,
邱贵强 ,
朱煜

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山西省气象台, 太原 030006;山西省气象信息中心, 太原 030006

收稿日期: 2015-06-16

网络出版日期: 2017-04-28

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41475050）

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Observation Analysis and Numerical Simulation about a Heavy Rain in the Middle of Yellow River

ZHAO Guixiang ,
BO Yanqing ,
QIU Guiqiang ,
ZHU Yu

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Shanxi Meteorological Observatory, Taiyuan 030006, China;Shanxi Meteorological Information Center, Taiyuan 030006, China

Received date: 2015-06-16

Online published: 2017-04-28

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摘要

利用常规观测资料、FY-2E TBB资料、地面加密自动气象站资料等，对2013年7月9日黄河中游地区（山西）暴雨过程进行了观测分析，利用WRF中尺度模式输出结果分析了低层切变线及其附近中尺度扰动的演变特征、动热力结构及水汽特征，以及低层偏东北气流的性质和作用等。结果表明：暴雨大暴雨是由700 hPa切变线附近激发的4个中尺度对流云团直接造成的；低层稳定的切变线附近形成的中尺度扰动低涡，与地面中尺度露点锋和中尺度辐合线共同作用，触发了中尺度对流云团的发生、发展。受来自低层西路和东北路两支冷空气夹挤，暴雨区暖湿空气沿东南西北向被迫抬升，形成一个狭窄的沿西路冷空气爬升的倾斜上升气流区，在其两侧形成两个方向相反的次级环流圈。水汽辐合中心在边界层附近，但这不是造成暴雨大暴雨的主要原因。低层辐合上升运动持续增强，偏南风入流将水汽向暴雨区集中，而次级环流的上升支将水汽向高层输送，使得暴雨区上空局地整层可降水量持续增加，以及对流不稳定和对称不稳定共存，加强了涡层不稳定，水汽在强不稳定的环境中沿倾斜上升气流抬升凝结，并高效率下降，可能是此次暴雨大暴雨的重要原因。低层偏东北气流为干冷与暖湿的一个倾斜交界面，该面上各种气象要素并不均匀，但在其中心区域低层为温度的零平流区，以及垂直速度、涡度和散度等物理量的零线区；围绕该支气流形成一个反气旋式的次级环流圈；该支气流两侧均存在较大垂直风切变，随着该支气流的南压和向河套地区的深入，低层暖湿气流的上升辐合作用不断加强，下沉支也逐渐活跃，是中尺度对流系统发生发展的重要触发机制之一。

关键词： 暴雨; 中尺度对流系统; 次级环流; 涡层不稳定; 偏东北气流

本文引用格式

赵桂香 , 薄燕青 , 邱贵强 , 朱煜 . 黄河中游一次大暴雨的观测分析与数值模拟[J]. 高原气象, 2017 , 36(2) : 436 -454 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00093

Abstract

A heavy rain in the middle of Yellow River (Shanxi) on 9 July 2013 was analyzed through conventional observation data, FY-2E TBB, and ground encryption automatic weather station data. Evolution characteristics of shear line at low and near Mesoscale turbulence, dynamic and thermal structure characteristics, water characteristics, and nature and function of partial northeast air flow were analyzed by using output data of the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show that the heavy rain was directly caused by four Mesoscale convective cloud clusters aroused near shear line at 700 hPa. The occurrence and development of the Mesoscale convective cloud clusters were together triggered by the turbulent vortex formed near shear line at low, the ground Mesoscale dew front, and the ground Mesoscale convective line. The warm air overhead heavy rain area were forced uplift along northwest to southeast, so that form an inclined upward flow area along west cold air climbing affected by pinch of west and northeast cold air coming from low level. Two secondary circulations in the opposite direction were formed in two sides of inclined upward flow area. The convergence center of water was located near boundary layer. But it was not main reason causing heavy rain. The important reason of causing this heavy rain were that convergence ascending motion at low level was continued strength, water was collected to the heavy rain area by inflow of southerly winds, water was transported to high lever by ascending flow so causing the whole layer water of continued increasing over heavy rain area, and instability of vortex layer was strengthened due to symmetrical and convective instability were coexist. And under the background of strong instability, water was lifted along inclined upward flow, condensed, and falling by high efficiency way. The northeast airflow at low level was an interface of dry and cold air and warm. Various meteorological elements were uniform distribution on the interface. But in the center of the interface, it was a zero area of advection, vertical velocity, vorticity, and divergence at low level. There formed an anti-cyclonic secondary circulation around the northeast flow. There had a great vertical wind shear in two sides of the northeast flow. With it goes deep into Hetao area and Shanxi province, convergence of ascending flow at low level was continually strengthened. At the same time, subsidence became active. It was one of important triggering mechanism.

Key words： Heavy rain; Mesoscale convective; Secondary circulatio; Instability of vorte; Northeast flow

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